Sentences with phrase «deeper water layers»

«In that area, like on the eastern boundaries of other tropical oceans, nutrient - rich waters from deeper water layers are transported to the surface,» explains co-author Prof. Dr. Hermann Bange, also from GEOMAR.

A natural phenomenon of the Baltic Sea is the lack of oxygen in the deeper water layers.

They compared isotope measurements on the silica skeletons of diatoms, which store environmental signals from the ocean's surface, with isotope signals from radiolarians, which live in deeper water layers.

This enabled the research team to reconstruct, for the first time, a detailed picture of the environmental conditions at the ocean's surface, as well as in deeper water layers, over the last 30,000 years.

Higher precipitation levels in the region and melting ice would decouple the surface from the deeper water layers.

When they sink to the seafloor at the end of their life cycles, they take the carbon from the surface waters with them, provide it as food to organisms at the bottom or store it in deep water layers after decomposition.

It would thus not be a true surface temperature, but a sort of average of a several meters deep water layer.

Not exact matches

He said while some hyrofracking chemicals are toxic and carcinogenic, public exposure to such chemicals is manageable, and that there are no known cases of the chemicals — which are injected deep underground a mile or more to fracture gas - bearing rock layers — reaching the surface to contaminate water or air.

New calculations of the composition of TRAPPIST - 1f, the fifth planet from the star, suggest a relatively thin layer of water (still far deeper than anything found on Earth) gives way to ice VI and ice VII, two different forms of ice that can form under high pressures.

Fracturing a deep shale layer one time to release natural gas might pose little risk to drinking - water supplies, but doing so repeatedly could be problematic

The EPA said the water samples were saturated with methane gas that matched the deep layers of natural gas being drilled for energy.

The shrimp represent centimeter - sized swimmers, including krill and shrimplike copepods, found throughout the world's oceans that may together be capable of mixing ocean layers — and delivering nutrient - rich deep waters to phytoplankton, or microscopic marine plants, near the surface, the researchers suggest.

If sunlight must penetrate the dust covering a comet's water ice in order to warm it and produce jets, Sunshine says the Deep Impact findings suggest the ices on such dormant comets may not have run out but merely become sealed — by layers of debris, for example.

As for the increase in phosphorus content, it was caused by the phosphorus that in the summer of 2014 flowed in from the deep waters in the north of the Baltic Sea main basin and the phosphorus that was released from the Gulf of Finland's own seabed in the poor oxygen conditions and mixed with the surface layer during last winter.

Planetary theorist David Stevenson of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena agrees that the best explanation for the magnetic field data is a deep layer of salty water.

The rising temperatures cause layers of ocean water to stratify so the more oxygen - rich surface waters are less able to mix with oxygen - poor waters from the deeper ocean.

Deep beneath the bleached - out, dusty surface of the drought - stricken West is a stash of water sequestered between layers of rock and sometimes built up over centuries.

And next month, the NASA Juno spacecraft will arrive and peer even deeper, into a suspected water layer, for clues to where and how the planet formed.

In particular, deep down, the researchers identified a layer of sediment where the water had a lower salinity than the water in the sediment above or below.

Because different noble gases move at various speeds through rock and water, the proportions present revealed that although the gases had come from deep underground, they had arrived directly rather than percolating through layers of rock and water (PNAS, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1322107111).

If both caps are composed completely of water, the combined volumes are equivalent to a global layer 66 to 100 feet deep, about one third the minimum volume for the ancient seas of Mars.

When the researchers switched the electric current off by deoxygenating the water, thereby removing the electron acceptor at the sediment surface, the depth of the hydrogen sulfide layer in the sediment rose in less than an hour, as deeper microbes could no longer consume it.

Methane gets squeezed out of the deepest layers of sediments like water from a sponge and migrates up toward the seafloor.

Without the constant inflow of north arm water, the deep brine layer finally mixed with the overlying water, bringing oxygen and driving the methylmercury into other forms, possibly elemental mercury, which would evaporate away into the atmosphere.

«The paper reports a fascinating result,» said Richard Alley, a glaciologist at Pennsylvania State University, «that melting beneath deep ice produces water that flows beneath thinner ice and refreezes, and that this has been going on long enough to make a big refrozen layer.»

Joyce and his colleagues suggest instead that while surface waters of the ancient lake were oxygenated, deeper layers were oxygen - poor and possibly saturated with carbon dioxide or other toxic substances.

In the Gulf of Finland, the phosphate phosphorus content of the surface layer has increased from last winter due to the phosphate that was released from the seabed and carried to the deep water from the main basin and from the Gulf's own seabed during last spring, summer and early autumn, and then mixed with the upper water layers due to storms.

The ice shelf floats within a pool of its own cold meltwater that sits atop a deeper, saltier and warmer layer; the two layers generally don't mix, like oil and water.

Essentially, the researchers found that deeper warm water is increasingly mixing with the cool layer of water that traditionally lies atop the eastern part of the Arctic Ocean.

The new generator is built from two layers of concrete tanks, which are installed in water about 30 metres deep.

That means it sinks into the deeper layers of the ocean, and the contrast between this warm water and the undersea ice canyons contributes an unknown but substantial amount of sea level rise, said Josh Willis, an oceanographer at JPL in Pasadena, California.

Furthermore, a deeper upper layer of warm surface water may weaken the cold tongue if the Ekman pumping doesn't reach down below the thermocline to bring up colder water, and weakened trade winds would have a similar effect through reduced Ekman pumping near the equator.

Even so, photosynthesising microorganisms may need to move during a sudden flare, especially those lifeforms that developed in aquatic environments subject to frequent flares but become more protected by a thicker layer of water overhead if they can move deeper underwater — more discussion below).

But Park and his co-authors point out that thicker layers of algae on the sea surface would prevent sunlight from penetrating deeper into the water.

Note that Ekman pumping does not penetrate deep into the oceanic interior, but since the trades advect the surface waters westward, the upper layer of warm sea water is deeper in the west than in the east.

Research cruises such as Tara Oceans and the Global Ocean Sampling Expedition have begun to sample, sequence and analyze the ocean microbiome, from the sunlit surface waters that are mixed by the wind to dark deep layers that relatively unperturbed.

Nakano, H., and N. Suginohara, 2002: Effects of bottom boundary layer parameterization on reproducing deep and bottom waters in a World Ocean model.

Mysterious under - snow lakes pockmarking its edges and deep layers of ice at higher elevations both point to changes that could hasten melt and send water cascading into the ocean, pushing global sea levels ever higher.

In the East Pacific, the warm surface waters are a very shallow layer on top of the deep cold waters.

«The water feedback built into the models, however, depends first on warming in the deep layer of the atmosphere,» he said.

In the oceans, warmer weather is driving stronger winds that are exposing deeper layers of water, which are already saturated with carbon and not as able to absorb as much from the atmosphere.

Then I rinse my face with water, pat it dry, apply a thin layer of my deep - hydration masque, and take my dogs for an hour hike in Topanga.

The humectant (e.g. glycerin, hyaluronic acid) attracts water from the deeper layers of the skin and «holds» them at the surface.

Natural humectants, on the other hand, not only help attract water to the surface of the skin, but also deliver hydration and nutrients to the deeper layers, as well.

Our serums replenish water - based moisture in the deeper layers of the skin and help repair damage as we sleep, when skin naturally repairs itself.

Hyaluronic acid acts like a sponge to attract water from the deeper layers to the surface of the skin, which needs moisture the most.

The three different forms of hyaluronic acid in the product's composition penetrate into the deep layers of the epidermis to restore skin density by filling it with water.

A unique shade with an aqua fleck that resembles deeper layers of ocean water.

Hydroplaning, if the water was deep enough, and / or the tread on your tires was worn enough, the car may have been floating on a layer of water, giving the brakes very little traction.

For these animals, a deep layer of bedding (coco husk products, repti bark, sand, cypress mulch or a custom mix) and a small, shallow water dish is all that is necessary.