This is because «courts» are included in
the definition of public authorities.
The definition of public authorities is therefore quite important, as the Directive applies as soon as a body falls under that definition.
According to the Court, ministries do not fall under
the definition of public authority to the extent that they participate in the legislative process.
The inclusion of courts in
the definition of public authority means that individuals are sometimes able to rely on Convention grounds in judicial review proceedings against the lower courts, such as magistrates» courts and the immigration appeals tribunal.
Unsurprisingly, when formulating the corresponding duties for disability and sex, the government abandoned the list approach in favour of a human - rights - style
definition of a public authority.
Not exact matches
Both the number
of public authorities able to access the information and the
definition of what constitutes communications data should be narrowed, they add.
The widened
definition of «national security» in the post September 11 world, it is argued, gives
public authorities too much licence.
· Allowing counties an option to modify how they fund state mandated pension contributions · Providing counties more audit
authority in the special education preschool program · Improving government efficiency and streamlining state and local legislative operations by removing the need for counties to pursue home rule legislative requests every two years with the state legislature in order to extend current local sales tax
authority · Reducing administrative and reporting requirements for counties under Article 6
public health programs · Reforming the Workers Compensation system · Renewing Binding Arbitration, which is scheduled to sunset in June 2013, with a new
definition of «ability to pay» for municipalities under fiscal distress, making it subject to the property tax cap (does not apply to NYC) where «ability to pay» will be defined as no more than 2 percent growth in the contract.
The new proposal is far longer and offers precise
definitions for a
public official as including state and local elected officials, judges, political appointees
of the governor as well board members who sit on entities such as
public benefit corporations or
authorities.
According Netherlands»
public broadcaster NOS, the Dutch Gaming
Authority looked at 10 popular games with loot boxes and found that four
of them met their
definition of gambling.
According Netherlands»
public broadcaster NOS, the Dutch Gaming
Authority looked at 10 popular games with loot boxes and found that four
of them met their
definition of gambling.
Furthermore, in a continuation
of the legitimacy theme, he reflects on the capacity
of judges and competition law
authorities to adjudicate on the
definition of public interests when scrutinising anti-competitive agreements for compliance with Art 101 (1) TFEU.
He says the
definition of personal data is important to
public authorities responding to access requests made under the Freedom
of Information Act 2000 (FIA 2000).
See
definition of «judicial candidate,» which provides that a person becomes a candidate for judicial office as soon as he or she makes a
public announcement
of candidacy, declares or files as a candidate with the election
authority, or authorizes or engages in solicitation or acceptance
of contributions or support.
And in, Canada (Attorney General) v. Federation
of Law Societies
of Canada, 2015 SCC 7, [2015] 1 SCR 401, although the Supreme Court
of Canada found it unnecessary to determine whether the wider
definition of, «the independence
of the bar,» is a «principle
of fundamental justice» (Canadian Charter
of Rights and Freedoms section 7), i.e., that lawyers, «are free from incursions from any source, including from
public authorities,» the majority judgment
of Cromwell J., held that the narrower
definition is a principle
of fundamental justice, i.e., «that the state can not impose duties on lawyers that interfere with their duty
of commitment to advancing their clients» legitimate interests.»
12.1 For the purposes
of the
definition of «leasehold landlord» in section 199
of the Act, «
public authority» means any
of the following:
In light
of this broad Congressional mandate not to interfere with current
public health practices, we believe the broad
definition of «
public health
authority» is appropriate to achieve that end.
As defined in the final rule, the
definition of «
public health
authority» at § 164.501 continues to include OSHA as a
public health
authority.
Expert local insight in jurisdictions worldwide, covering: applicable legislation, sector - specific controls, scope
of application and
public entities, market
definition and thresholds, collective dominance and dominant purchasers, exploitative and exclusionary practices, links between dominance and abuse, defences, specific forms
of abuse, enforcement
authorities, sanctions and remedies, private enforcement and damages.
Comments: Several commenters recommended expanding the
definition of public health
authority to encompass other governmental entities that may collect and hold health data as part
of their official duties.
State agencies or
authorities responsible for
public health matters as part
of their official mandate, such as OSHA - approved programs, also come within this
definition.
Comment: A number
of the comments called for the elimination
of all permissible disclosures without authorization, and some specifically cited the
public health section and its liberal
definition of public health
authority as an inappropriately broad loophole that would allow unfettered access to private medical information by various government
authorities.
They further supported the broad
definition of public health
authority and the reliance on broad legal or regulatory
authority by
public health entities although explicit
authorities were preferable and better informed the
public.
We do not specifically reference any agencies in the regulatory
definition, because the
definition of public health
authority and this preamble sufficiently address this issue.
More comprehensive
definitions have been attempted by the EBA in 2014 (European Banking Association) and the Banca d'Italia, which both define Bitcoin as «a digital representation
of value that is neither issued by a central bank or
public authority nor necessarily attached to a fiat currency, but is used by natural or legal persons as a means
of exchange and can be transferred, stored or traded electronically».