At 10
deg C water contains 2.3 grams of CO2 in 1,000 cc of water.
Not exact matches
High - temperature thermophilic anaerobic digestion technologies, typically operating at 55
deg C, are part of a combination of processes that digest waste
water's organic content to produce green energy (methane) while achieving outstanding waste
water effluent qualities.
al, (June, 2005): [During the Paleocene - Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), sea surface temperature (SST) rose by 5
Deg C in the tropics and as much as 9
Deg C at high latitudes, whereas bottom -
waters temperatures increased 4 to 5
C.
Let's say there is an initial change of 1
deg C. Which causes a change in CO2 giving 0.75
deg C, Which both causes a change in
water vapour giving a total of 6
deg C.
Thanks for answers: Now that I know the right question to ask, yes, fresh
water is densest at ~ 4
deg C (why calm lakes freeze suddenly, etc), but sea
water basically always has a positive coefficient of thermal expansion.
If you only have
water and not anti-freeze in coolant system this can happen, warmer than 0
Deg C climates excepted.
If the sun suddenly shut off, the earth would cool down quickly, and get so cold that the greenhouse gases (most, if not all; certainly
water vapor and CO2 - methane freezes at 91 degrees k or -182
deg C) that slow the loss of heat to space would condense out, making the equilibrium surface temperature even colder.
For a rough estimate, downwelling
water to the deep ocean in convection zones is about 40 Sv (10 ^ 6 m3 / s), assuming that comes in with say 2
deg C, and leaves (through upwelling, isopycnal and diapycnal diffusion), that is a heat flux of 320 TW, thus at least an order of magnitude larger than the geothermal fluxes.
George E. Smith says: «Did I get that correct; it WAS you who recently posted at WUWT to the effect, that Clausius - Clapeyron, predicts a 7 % increase in atmospheric
water content for a one
deg C Temperature rise; as found experimentally by Wentz et al..»
Did I get that correct; it WAS you who recently posted at WUWT to the effect, that Clausius - Clapeyron, predicts a 7 % increase in atmospheric
water content for a one
deg C Temperature rise; as found experimentally by Wentz et al..
There are those who appear to steadfastly maintain that all thermal radiation is from the surface and the and the convection return flow, which must heat at the dry adiabatic rate of 9.8
deg C per 1000 meters going down — unless it is gobbling up condensed
water vapor on the way, and reach the surface before it can be cooled again.
In ten years or so the North Sea will be a balmy 38
deg C and everyone will be living under 2m or
water.
A thunderstorm event might be best depicted as a run - away rising column of air that is becoming progressively warmer than the surrounding air as condensing
water vapor yields its heat of vaporization until almost all
water vapor has condensed out and then cooling at a rate of 9.8
deg C per 1000 meters, it eventually reaches a warmer layer of air and spreads out like smoke over a ceiling.
The matched value of mixed - layer heat capacity works out to be 14.7 watt - years /
deg C / m ^ 2, which roughly corresponds to a thermal mass equivalent of the top 120 m ocean
water depth.
Steve: Archer and Rahnstorf, Climate Crisis, reported that Callendar's sensitivity estimate was 2
deg C and that he had supported
water vapor feedbacks.
4.18 J will heat 1 gram of
water 1
deg K (~
C).
So how our environmental future plays out now is that as the poles melt, the ocean heats, and
water surface area increases, atmospheric H2O skyrockets and some time later as the temperature passes through 4
deg C heading for 5
deg C global temperature rise, the ocean currents start to stall.
While temperatures on offshore reef environments have been > 17 - 18
deg C (likely due to oceanic influence from the Florida Current), shallow -
water and nearshore environments have fallen well below 14
deg C (e.g., 10 - 11
deg C near Long Key).
Given that the energy required to melt a mass of ice would be enough to raise the temperature of the same mass of
water by 80
deg C, the latter seems to be the very much more likely explanation.
But perish the thought that you should heat the
water to above 100
deg C whereupon it becomes a gas, and immediately stops radiating thermal radiation; because everybody knows; or seems to think that gases do not emit black body like thermal radiation.
But the
water has to cool an extra 2 - 4
deg C before refreezing, so we have to add this heat as well.
If you heat
water, it expands (with quibbles in the range 0 to 4
deg C).
Given past work at attempting
water bath stabilised temperatures in good laboratory surroundings, I'd hazard a guess that the best one can do, in the sense of all variation in a natural setting, as about + / -0.1
deg C for uses such as ocean heat content.
(Rule of Thumb: 27.5 ZJ = 0.01
deg C for the 0 - 2000 meter
water column).
I DO get nervous, when people say the deep oceans are at 4
deg C. I know that is common for deep fresh
water lakes; as a result of the 4
deg C maximum density of fresh
water; but salt
water does not have a maximum density short of freezing; at least for the levels of salinity in the oceans.
If the earth core is somewhere in the 5,000 to 10,000
deg C range; and the surface / lower troposphere is 15
deg C; and you say that the deep oceans are at 4
deg C; and are sucking in «heat» from the warm surface
waters; where the hell is all that heat piling up down there.
Using 4.18 J / g /
C for
water I compute that 2.5 e23 joules would heat this volume of the ocean only 0.0001
deg C, which has to be immeasurable.
A truth about oceanic geology is that in very deep
water (along the oceanic floor) at cooler temperatures (~ 4
deg C) CaCO3 is not stable due to the higher acidity and higher concentrations of CO2.
If sodium bicarbonate is put into
water at ca 20
deg C, the initial pH is about 8.
And I can not see how
water at 4
deg C can rise to the surface & warm the atmosphere, even at the North Pole.
The leftover warm
water (and its counteracting effects on the trailing La Niña) is why the sea surface temperatures for the Atlantic, Indian and West Pacific Oceans warmed in a very obvious upward step of about 0.19
deg C, Figure 5, in response to the 1997/98 El Niño.
An El Niño can lift local ocean surface temperature by around 10
deg C, and there is a limit to the depth of
water that can be heated by that amount.