May 30, 2015 Khoury et al ASCO AST - VAC1 Presentation Long - term Follow - up of Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Receiving an Autologous Telomerase - based
Dendritic Cell Vaccine
At the end of his talk, Coukos turned his attention to
a dendritic cell vaccine approach in combination with a VEGF - targeting antibody and chemotherapy.
Schlesinger visited him only a week ago with data about an HIV clinical trial of
a dendritic cell vaccine, and Steinman was absorbed in what she had to share.
A paper he published early this year in the Journal of Clinical Oncology describes
a dendritic cell vaccine in advanced glioma, an aggressive form of brain cancer.
While this approach has had some clinical success, in most cases, the immune response resulting from
dendritic cell vaccines is short - lived and not robust enough to keep tumors at bay over the long run.
Dendritic cell vaccines — focus on cells in the immune system that recognize cancerous cells.
Not exact matches
«Similarly, triggering extra production of particular
dendritic cells could improve the immune response to infections or
vaccines.
Like all cancer
vaccines, it's been a challenge to get
dendritic cell immunotherapy to destroy tumors in people.
One difficulty is that everyone's
dendritic cells are different, so
vaccines need to be personalized, making them expensive and labor - intensive to produce.
Tanyi and colleagues made each patient's
vaccine by sifting through the patient's own peripheral blood mononuclear
cells for suitable precursor
cells, and then growing these, in the lab, into a large population of
dendritic cells.
Then you activate the killer T
cells with the
dendritic -
cell vaccine, so now you've got all your smart bombs and your cruise missiles coming in from outside.
To make the
vaccine, cancer
cells are harvested from a tumor after surgery and stripped of their proteins; then those proteins are cultured with
dendritic cells, a subclass of white blood
cells, drawn from the patient's blood.
Dendritic cells are too large to pass through the blood - brain barrier, which is one reason they have to be cultured with brain tumor
cells outside the body, then injected back into the patient's skin as a
vaccine.
The study included 124 newly diagnosed patients at 25 clinical trial sites in the U.S. Two - thirds of the patients were treated with ICT - 107, an experimental
vaccine based on immune system
cells called
dendritic cells that were exposed to six synthetic proteins, or antigens, known to be involved in GBM development.
«Although right now we are focusing on developing a cancer
vaccine, in the future we could be able to manipulate which type of
dendritic cells or other types of immune
cells are recruited to the 3D scaffold by using different kinds of cytokines released from the MSRs,» said co-lead author Aileen Li, a graduate student pursuing her Ph.D. in bioengineering at Harvard SEAS.
Tanyi said he is eager to explore whether the
dendritic -
cell vaccine might also be used as a first - line treatment for women who are newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
For example, the biology of
dendritic cells is now being used to explore
vaccines and therapies to prevent infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, allergy, cancer, and rejection of organ transplants.
This
cell death is induced by many rough attenuated Brucella strains, including Brucella cattle
vaccine strain RB51, B. abortus wboA mutant VTRA1, and B. suis wboA mutant VTRS1.This
cell death is prevented by wild type virulent Brucella in infected macrophages, but not in
dendritic cells.
«Dr. Steinman's discovery of
dendritic cells opens the door to advances in many areas, from
vaccine development to cancer immunotherapy.
The title of his talk, «
Dendritic Cells: A Key Target for
Vaccine Science,» focuses on a career - changing finding he was part of three decades ago.
Abrogation of local cancer recurrence after radiofrequency ablation by
dendritic cell - based hyperthermic tumor
vaccine.
We are developing
dendritic cell - based
vaccines targeting telomerase, a protein expressed in over 95 percent of cancers and rarely found in normal adult
cells.
A phase 1 trial of a
dendritic cell (DC)
vaccine administered with imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist that stimulates the innate immune system, for patients with malignant glioma and glioblastoma (NCT01808820).
Tran T, De Oliveira Diniz M, Dransart E, Gey A, Merillon N, Lone YC, Godefroy S, Sibley C, Ferreira LC, Medioni J, Oudard S, Johannes * L, Tartour * E (2016) A therapeutic Her2 / neu
vaccine targeting
dendritic cells preferentially inhibits the growth of low Her2 / neu - expressing tumor in HLA - A2 transgenic mice.
His lab has made contributions in the area of tumor induced immunosuppression of
dendritic cells, characterization of human myeloid derived suppressor
cells, and the development of novel adjuvants for cancer
vaccines.
Immune Design is a new generation
vaccine company built on emerging understanding of the role of
dendritic cells in determining an effective immune response.
Dr. Fong is experienced in research and clinical studies with the
dendritic cell immunotherapy
vaccine sipuleucel - T (Provenge) as well as the anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint immunotherapy ipilimumab.
People who had a better antibody response to the
vaccine after 28 days had higher levels of HLA - DR (a
cell surface protein which is a marker for immune stimulation) on a specialised type of
dendritic cell.
As noted above, existing cancer
vaccines that use
dendritic cells require extracting
cells from a patient's blood, treating them with an engineered protein or nucleic acid that combines tumor antigens with immune - stimulating molecules, and returning the activated
dendritic cells to the patient.
Ken SHORTMAN, WEHI, Melbourne, AUS «Enhancing protective antibody responses by targeting
vaccine antigens to Clec9A on
dendritic cells» Host:...
Guebre - Xabier, M., Hammond, S.A., Epperson, D.E., Yu, J., Ellingsworth, L., Glenn, G.M. Immunostimulant patch containing heat labile enterotoxin from E. coli enhances immune responses to injected influenza
vaccine through activation of
dendritic cells.