Cosmic ray ionization in the Martian atmosphere has been studied extensively using computational models (Whitten et al. 1971; Molina - Cuberos 2001; Molina - Cuberos et al. 2001; Norman et al. 2014; Gronoff et al. 2015), with the general
result that the atmospheric ionization
profile due to GCR is relatively flat, with monotonically increasing ionization rates with decreasing altitude and increasing atmospheric
density.