Sentences with phrase «depend on climate models»

These attribution calculations depend on climate models because we can not measure the impact each forcing agent has on temperature alone.

The response patterns of clouds and precipitation to warming vary dramatically depending on the climate model, even in the simplest model configuration.

Not exact matches

On another note, for summer wearing in warm climates, Baby K'Tan also offers an even more flexible model called the «Breeze», where half of the loop is made of a cool easy - breathing mesh fabric, and the other half is made of cotton, allowing you to turn the loops depending on the weather conditionOn another note, for summer wearing in warm climates, Baby K'Tan also offers an even more flexible model called the «Breeze», where half of the loop is made of a cool easy - breathing mesh fabric, and the other half is made of cotton, allowing you to turn the loops depending on the weather conditionon the weather conditions!

«Depending on the model aspect you focus on, they can reproduce climate features effectively — or not at all.

«How much we trust our model depends on how well we can reproduce the climate of yesterday.

Which of these effects dominates depends on the type, distribution and altitude of the clouds — difficult for climate models to predict.

Oregon State University oceanographer Robert Dziak says that depending on the size and frequency of these events, their spongelike effects could influence ocean chemistry and temperatures worldwide, making present climate - change models inaccurate.

If only modest action is taken to reign in greenhouse gas emissions, the model predicts that pikas will disappear from about 75 percent of sites by 2070 (51 to 88 percent, depending on the global climate model used).

The researchers» results were comparable to previous studies that have analysed air pollution and mortality; however, there was some variation depending on which climate model was used.

The massive projects needed now — such as devising a model of climate change detailed enough to be truly predictive or batteries efficient enough to compete with gasoline — can not wait or depend on chancy funding, he believes.He added that a strong national commitment to goal - centered basic science could help solve other important problems by drawing America's talented young people into scientific work and providing them with better opportunities for aspiring researchers to build careers with a realistic chance of making both a significant scientific contribution and a decent living.

With aggressive action to reduce greenhouse gases, the model predicts that only about 51 percent of sites will suffer local extinction (39 to 79 percent, depending on the global climate model).

The team used a hydrological model to calculate grain yields, which vary depending on factors such as climate and soil type.

Moreover, our analysis does not depend on large, complex global climate models, the huge computer programs that are notorious for their hidden assumptions and adjustable parameters.

Using global climate models is a way that scientists can size up climate outcomes using inputs of historical measurements and estimates of future conditions, depending on whether greenhouse gases are held steady, increase, or decline.

In one sentence: Regions that depend primarily on irrigation from surface water will be more vulnerable to drought as the impacts of irrigation on water supply are most significant during times with low water flow, according to climate modeling research from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

For the work of the Montana Climate Assessment, we employed an ensemble from the fifth iteration of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), which includes up to 42 GCMs depending on the experiment conducted (CMIP5 undated).

A global warming target is converted to a fossil fuel emissions target with the help of global climate - carbon - cycle models, which reveal that eventual warming depends on cumulative carbon emissions, not on the temporal history of emissions [12].

The answer can vary depending on which climate model you consult.

The drug and alcohol testing industry depends on this favorable legislative and regulatory climate, because the industry was effectively created in 1986 by the Drug Free Workplace Act, and the Dept. of Transportation rules serve as a model for most testing programs.

Depending on the model, you may choose a Jeep with 18 - inch alloy wheels, a nine - speaker Alpine sound system, privacy glass, automatic climate control, grab hands and tubular side steps for passengers — or any combination of countless other options.

Promising a more rewarding ownership experience, the 2014 Soul will be available in Europe with a range of new premium features (depending on model), including: FlexSteer; front LED lights and rear LED «halo» lights; HID headlights; keyless entry and push - button engine start; automatic climate control air - conditioning; cruise control; leather seat trim; ventilated front seats; heated front and rear seats; panoramic glass sunroof; and heated exterior mirrors.

Standard climate models don't show skill at the interannual timescales which depend heavily on El Niño's and other relatively unpredictable internal variations (note that initiallised climate model projections that use historical ocean conditions may show some skill, but this is still a very experimental endeavour).

The prediction of the long - term trajectory, depends on the climate forcing (greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar variability) and how the model responds to those forcings via feedbacks.

Model results don't depend critically on resolution — the climate sensitivity of the models is not a function of this in any obvious way, and the patterns of warming seen in coarse resolution models from the 1980s are very similar to those from AR4 or the upcoming AR5 (~ 50 times more horizontal grid points).

This kind of forecast doesn't depend too much on the models at all — it is mainly related to the climate sensitivity which can be constrained independently of the models (i.e. via paleo - climate data), moderated by the thermal inertia of the oceans and assuming the (very likely) continuation of CO2 emissions at present or accelerated rates.

Sensitivity analysis shows that future fire potential depends on many factors such as climate model and emission scenario used for climate change projection.

DeBuys finds that things will be fine for the 3.5 million people who currently depend on this water for daily use as long as (1) predictions of climate change models prove groundless, (2) the kind of droughts documented by tree rings and other records of past climate disruptions don't occur, and (3) the cities of central Arizona don't grow so much that they consume their agricultural buffer, their main protection against uncertain years ahead.

Quote: «Their efficacy is based upon being able to, to varying degrees depending on the model and its purpose, recreate past climate.

The ability of climate models to adequately represent extremes partially depends on their spatial resolution (Skelly and Henderson - Sellers, 1996; Osborn, 1997; Mearns, 1999).

For example, if one asks how high the CO2 concentration can rise in a climate model before the surface has warmed 2 ℃ above pre-industrial temperatures — the warming threshold that countries pledged to avoid in the Paris Agreement — the answer depends strongly on the model's ECS.

Studies with climate models have noted that the ITCZ width depends on interactions between radiation and clouds (Voigt & Shaw 2015) and how the model represents sub-grid scale convection (Kang et al. 2009), but a physical understanding of why the ITCZ width is affected by these processes is lacking.

Well it depends on whether you are talking about Climate Sensitivity (Charney sensitivity... which is modelled) or Earth System Sensitivity (where things like ice sheet extent, vegetation cover etc are regarded as able to respond quickly to warming).

The problem I think is the assumption that is implicit in the climate science activist community and that is somewhat reflected in the IPCC that models are adequate for «projecting» or «predicting» (depending on what rather irrelevant semantic nuances you want to use) what will happen in 100 years.

The relevance of any such model to the real climate depends on whether or not the assumptions on which it is based are more - or-less correct.

This is important, because there is no «best» data set or «best» climate model; which ones you should use will depend on what question (s) you are trying to address, in what geographical region (s), etc..

However, he noted that climate models are continually being reworked and a lot will depend on how fast Arctic sea ice melts, which he says acts as «an air conditioner for the hemisphere,» reflecting incoming solar radiation right back into space.

As in these studies, model projections depend greatly on future climate simulations, emission levels, and dispersal scenarios.

The software doesn't model it correctly & the effect changes depending on what climate you're in.

My reason for asking is that my conclusion, namely the parameters resulting from fitting the model to multidecadal climate, seems not to depend significantly on whether one cuts off at 2010, 2000, 1990, 1970, or even 1950.

«When initialized with states close to the observations, models «drift» towards their imperfect climatology (an estimate of the mean climate), leading to biases in the simulations that depend on the forecast time.

Climate predictions do not depend exclusively on models, but the models reduce the levels of quantitative uncertainty.

«It could mean our higher limit of warming is now even higher, depending on the model, which means serious consequences for us in terms of climate change.

Before discussing this, a methodological point affecting estimates of S needs to be mentioned: results from methods estimating a PDF of climate sensitivity depend strongly on their assumptions of a prior distribution from which climate models with different S are sampled [Frame 2005].

Type 2 dynamic downscaling refers to regional weather (or climate) simulations in which the regional model's initial atmospheric conditions are forgotten (i.e., the predictions do not depend on the specific initial conditions), but results still depend on the lateral boundary conditions from a global numerical weather prediction where initial observed atmospheric conditions are not yet forgotten, or are from a global reanalysis.

As others have noted, the IPCC Team has gone absolutely feral about Salby's research and the most recent paper by Dr Roy Spencer, at the University of Alabama (On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance), for one simple reason: both are based on empirical, undoctored satellite observations, which, depending on the measure required, now extend into the past by up to 32 years, i.e. long enough to begin evaluating real climate trends; whereas much of the Team's science in AR4 (2007) is based on primitive climate models generated from primitive and potentially unreliable land measurements and proxies, which have been «filtered» to achieve certain artificial realities (There are other more scathing descriptions of this process I won't useOn the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance), for one simple reason: both are based on empirical, undoctored satellite observations, which, depending on the measure required, now extend into the past by up to 32 years, i.e. long enough to begin evaluating real climate trends; whereas much of the Team's science in AR4 (2007) is based on primitive climate models generated from primitive and potentially unreliable land measurements and proxies, which have been «filtered» to achieve certain artificial realities (There are other more scathing descriptions of this process I won't useon empirical, undoctored satellite observations, which, depending on the measure required, now extend into the past by up to 32 years, i.e. long enough to begin evaluating real climate trends; whereas much of the Team's science in AR4 (2007) is based on primitive climate models generated from primitive and potentially unreliable land measurements and proxies, which have been «filtered» to achieve certain artificial realities (There are other more scathing descriptions of this process I won't useon the measure required, now extend into the past by up to 32 years, i.e. long enough to begin evaluating real climate trends; whereas much of the Team's science in AR4 (2007) is based on primitive climate models generated from primitive and potentially unreliable land measurements and proxies, which have been «filtered» to achieve certain artificial realities (There are other more scathing descriptions of this process I won't useon primitive climate models generated from primitive and potentially unreliable land measurements and proxies, which have been «filtered» to achieve certain artificial realities (There are other more scathing descriptions of this process I won't use).

When a climate model uses only the upper 50 to 100 meters as the total ocean battery, I believe that is mathurbation, since the charge time of the whole battery is roughly 1700 years plus or minus a millennium or two depending on high latitude mixing.

Assessment of the Sun's role in climate change depends largely on which model is adopted for the evolution of TSI during the last 100 years (Scafetta and West, 2007; Scafetta, 2009; Scafetta, 2013).

A new atmosphere - ocean climate modeling study shows that the planet's temperature depends, ultimately, on the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide.

It is clear that there is no reasonable way to validate the pieces of the climate models the believers depend on.

The nature of climate science means that the probabilistic scenarios used produce a range of budgets depending on the parameters applied to the models.