Sentences with phrase «dependence of»

Figure 4.12 shows the logarithmic dependence of unit optical thickness on CO2 level (expressed there in terms of CO2 paths).

I propose a simple dependence of cloud cover and water vapor greenhouse effect on incident solar radiance which can maintains temperatures to 0.5 degrees over the last 4 billion years.

Cho, 2015: Spectral dependence of MODIS cloud droplet effective radius retrievals for marine boundary layer clouds.

It was therefore easily rebutted when I wrote your «totally unsuitable» is contradicted by three papers: Arrhenius's 1896 paper proposing a logarithmic dependence of surface temperature on CO2, Hansen et al's 1985 paper pointing out that the time needed to warm the oceanic mixed layer would delay the impact of global warming, and Hofmann et al's 2009 paper modeling the dependence of CO2 on time as a raised exponential.

Here I argue that such views should be reconsidered by admitting that uncertainty is an intrinsic property of nature, that causality implies dependence of natural processes in time, thus suggesting predictability, but even the tiniest uncertainty (e.g., in initial conditions) may result in unpredictability after a certain time horizon.

The significant dependence of the GEV location on the values of global mean temperature allows us to ask what the return time of such an event was in the climate of a century ago.

Altitude dependence of atmospheric temperature trends: Climate models versus observations.

The dependence of sliding on basal friction is a key unknown: nonlinear relationships favour higher contributions.

And the dependence of water services on the availability of energy will impact the ability to provide clean drinking water and sanitation services.

«On CO2 Climate Sensitivity and Model Dependence of Results.»

«Temperature Dependence of Oxygen - 18 Concentrations in Reef Coral Carbonates.»

Let's take just one example of a paper that was vilified at the time — http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2009/2008JD011637.shtml/quote — for suggesting that the dependence of surface temperature on ENSO and the decadal changes in ENSO character could influence decadal temperatures trends.

«We also need to investigate the altitude and seasonal dependence of the changes, and to analyse different climate models and warming scenarios to quantify the uncertainties.»

The absence of MWP and thus the strict dependence of global temperature on CO2 concentration was one of these intuitions.

In 1896 Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate Svante Arrhenius used Langley's bolometer to measure the heat from the Moon at various altitudes above the horizon in order to estimate the dependence of atmospheric heat trapping on amount of water vapor and CO2 along the line of sight to the Moon, a much longer path near the horizon than at 45 degrees.

You don't seem to appreciate the fact that water vapor and clouds are feedback effects, which means that the water vapor and cloud distributions depend directly on the local meteorological conditions, and are therefore constrained by the temperature dependence of the Clausius - Clapeyron relation.

«The scenario results suggest a strong dependence of the deployment of solar energy on the climate stabilization level, with significant growth expected in the median cases until 2030 and in particular until 2050 in the most ambitious climate stabilization scenarios.

The dependence of all importing countries on those suppliers will grow.

The dependence of the greenhouse gas effects what is called logarithmic.

A Lacis: You don't seem to appreciate the fact that water vapor and clouds are feedback effects, which means that the water vapor and cloud distributions depend directly on the local meteorological conditions, and are therefore constrained by the temperature dependence of the Clausius - Clapeyron relation.

«The first nonlinearity we consider is that at higher temperatures the T4 dependence of the Stefan - Boltzmann equation means the climate system is able to more effectively compensate for radiation perturbations than at lower temperatures.

Others have identified the lags in the southern ocean (which warms more slowly than the northern hemisphere, and northern land in particular) as the source of this time dependence of feedbacks, and we've demonstrated that different forcings have subtly different impacts — to some extent based on their spatial signatures.

References added * Emanuel K.A., 1987: The dependence of hurricane intensity on climate.

The paper, in the new issue of Journal of Climate, is «The resolution dependence of contiguous U.S. precipitation extremes in response to CO2 forcing» — by Karin van der Wiel of Princeton and colleagues.

Our study has not been followed up by experts in the observational community, and even if there is no Iris it would be interesting to know what is the sea surface temperature dependence of the precipitation efficiency in tropical clouds.

«Others have identified the lags in the southern ocean (which warms more slowly than the northern hemisphere, and northern land in particular) as the source of this time dependence of feedbacks, and we've demonstrated that different forcings have subtly different impacts — `

The question you ask is what is the dependence of the boiling temperature as a function of pressure — this is a climate question that can be addressed very simply without considering the details of the turbulent flow.

However, it is important to keep in mind that we might easily more than double it if we really don't make much effort to cut back (I think the current estimated reserves of fossil fuels would increase CO2 by a factor of like 5 or 10, which would mean a warming of roughly 2 - 3 times the climate sensitivity for doubling CO2 [because of the logarithmic dependence of the resulting warming to CO2 levels]-RRB-... and CO2 levels may be able to fall short of doubling if we really make a very strong effort to reduce emissions.

The radiative transfer problem is best addressed numerically with a sufficient number of vertical layers to resolve the atmospheric temperature and absorber distributions and with a sufficient number of spectral intervals to resolve the spectral dependence of the contributing gases — as is being done in most GCMs.

For the validity of Fu et al. (2004) in the tropics, you might also read our recent paper entitled «Satellite - derived vertical dependence of tropical tropospheric temperature trends» by Fu and Johanson (2005, Geophysical Research Letter, in press).

I know that Usoskin et al. have recently suggested a latitudinal dependence of nebulosity - CR relationship, with strongest correlations observed over 20 - 55 ° S and 10 - 70 ° N. I guess that cosmic ray intensity could varies over the globe in relation to geomagnetic field.

Thomas Zipp's exhibition with the title Task Dependence of the Effect of Standards on the Perception of a Series of Objects at the gallery SVIT in Prague narrates to several spheres in our society.

Thomas Zipp: Task Dependence of the Effect of Standards on the Perception of a Series of Objects at SVIT, Prague (Czech Republic); Interview with Zdenek Felix and Thomas Zipp, November 29, 2013.

Thomas Zipp's exhibition with the title Task Dependence of the Effect of Standards on the Perception of a Series of...

Nicholas Mirzoeff interprets Basquiat's work: «He sought to explore the dependence of modern art upon a notion of racial difference in order for its works to signify.

In his upcoming exhibition «Animal», the Spanish urban artist aims to explore the conflict between our innate animal instincts and our present lives, which are coated with the dependence of technology and our fear for the unknown.

He wants to lessen the dependence of the series on console... Read more

These lineages can spread beyond games: plenty of book and film influences create imaginative patterns that are then sustained in the fictional worlds of games — from the utter dependence of Halo: Combat Evolved upon James Cameron's Aliens to the massive debt Dungeons & Dragons owes to Tolkien, Moorcock, and the other twentieth century fantasy writers.

the constant dependence of your passengers upon you adds a sense of tension that's felt throughout»

The Final Station offers a unique and enjoyable adventure across a daunting little world, whilst the constant dependence of your passengers upon you adds a sense of tension that's felt throughout.

Part one discussed the size and scope of the pet specialty distribution channel, the consolidation activity within the channel, and the dependence of independent pet stores on a diverse pool of distributor partners.

HOW, K.L.; HAZEWINKEL, H.A.W.; MOL, J.A. Dietary vitamin D dependence of cat and dog due to inadequate cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. General Comparative Endocrinology, v. 96, p.12 - 18, 1994.

Choosing an indoor toilet not only decreases the potential for discomfort in the dog, but it also reduces the dependence of a dog owner with limitations upon other people to care for their dog.

The dependence of investors on an ever - decreasing pool of higher - yielding securities comes at a time when corporate fundamentals are beginning to look vulnerable.

I'm going to have to leave this woman although I love her very much, I just can't stand the dependence of these grown adult children that have become a burden on our lives.

The main idea behind technical analysis of currencies is the postulate of functional dependence of the future market technical data on the past market technical data.

For example, essay individual and society can be focused on dependence of individuals on society, on the psychological need to be among people, or any other aspect of the topic.

The time period is perfect as it was a time of dependence of men and position, which Maud certainly didn't have.

But one thing hasn't changed, which is the ignored, unacknowledged, but complete dependence of those great interests on us and on our talents and on the work we do in the quiet of our solitude.

I exploit sharply nonlinear funding rules for defined benefit pension plans in order to identify the dependence of corporate investment on internal financial resources in a large sample.