The available tools are time -
dependent model forecasts which incorporate the improved observations of changes in the ocean and simulate its likely influence on the short - to medium - term future.
Not exact matches
Analyst
forecasts of global sales in 2015 will be highly
dependent on when the
Model X is introduced and at what volumes.
Our
model indicates that going forward, long - term yields will likely be subject to three upward pressures: (1) Our
forecasted increase in inflation will boost nominal GDP growth; (2) As forward guidance is replaced by a data -
dependent monetary tightening, volatility in short rates will increase; and (3) As the impact of QE on the Treasury market fades, long - term yields will trend back to their historical link with nominal GDP growth.
Apart from ground stations, weather
forecasts are heavily
dependent on weather satellites for information to start or «initialize» the numerical weather prediction
models that are the foundation of modern weather prediction.
Valuation -
dependent Models 3 — 6 all have positive correlations between their
forecasts and subsequent returns, and all beat
Model 0 in this regard; the correlation is undefined for
Model 0 because its
forecasts are always constant.
This is quite subtle though — weather
forecast models obviously do better if they have initial conditions that are closer to the observations, and one might argue that for particular climate
model predictions that are strongly
dependent on the base climatology (such as for Arctic sea ice) tuning to the climatology will be worthwhile.
In addition to the fact that «for the predictions through the spring season in the growth phase of El Niño events, the prediction errors induced by both initial errors and
model errors tend to have a prominent season -
dependent evolution and yield a prominent spring predictability barrier (SPB)» Duan et al., 2012, it is important to note that even after the SPB passes, our ENSO
forecasting skills are abysmal, i.e.: