They calculate alphas for each anomaly by using the specified linear model risk factors to adjust gross monthly returns from a portfolio that is long (short) the value - weighted or equal - weighted tenth of stocks that are «good» («bad») according to that anomaly, reforming the portfolio annually or monthly
depending on anomaly input frequency.
Not exact matches
The above diagram helps show that if a station were removed from the record or did not report data for some period of time, the average
anomaly would not change significantly, whereas the overall average temperature could change significantly,
depending on which station dropped out of the record.
And there are some
anomalies,
depending on where you live.
But even then the «fraction of the
anomaly due to global warming» is somewhat arbitrary because it
depends on the chosen baseline for defining the
anomaly — is it the average July temperature, or typical previous summer heat waves (however defined), or the average summer temperature, or the average annual temperature?
Note that the UV variations are strongly disproportionate to the integrated TSI change, and can reach up to 100 % variation (
depending on the wavelength interval), ~ 6 % at UV wavelengths in the stratosphere, and temperature
anomalies of ~ 1000 K in the very uppermost regions of the atmosphere; section 4 of the Gray et al. paper discussed UV changes and stratospheric feedbacks.
Certainly the locations of extreme
anomalies in any given case
depend on specific weather patterns.
Finally, because of the posited strong water vapor feedback, which
depends on absolute, not
anomaly, temperatures, one would expect that the relationship should be positive, not negative due to the greater rate of accumulation of water vapor at higher absolute temperatures.
But today's
anomaly, SST [2005]-- SST [1961 - 1990],
depends on both the GW trend in the mean a and the oscillation, in which case the current
anomaly is influenced by GW.
Most other places in the NH have been flirting with zero
anomaly locally since September or October,
depending on the location.
However, where we disagree is that the multi-decadal surface temperature trends and
anomalies also
depend on the details of the observing sites and how these details change over time.
Our ranking of 2005 as the warmest year
depends on the positive polar
anomalies, especially the unusual Arctic warmth.
In many occasions the degree to which
anomalies in the land surface affect the overlying atmosphere
depends on the resolved spatial scale.
Depending on the region, the persistence from spring to summer of soil moisture or snow
anomalies generated during spring by temperature and precipitation variations may explain river flows variations in summer, when no concomitant climate variations exist.
The rest of your comment continued to express your concerns about the fact that the running total
depends on the ratio of positive to negative
anomalies.
To show the reliability of this, suppose your funding
depends on things getting worse: you need the
anomalies to increase.
A NOTE ABOUT BASE YEARS Note: The relative strengths of El Nino versus La Nina events discussed early in this post would of course
depend on the base years chosen for
anomalies.
A flat curve means that the NH - SH difference is stable and the slope just indicates the speed at which both
anomalies converge or diverge,
depending on whether the curve moves towards the x axis (where the difference is 0) or away from it.
When we think of time lags in response to an ENSO event, there are different lags for TLT and surface temperature
anomalies depending on the part of the globe being examined.
And there are some
anomalies,
depending on where you live.