The stress generation hypothesis was tested in two different longitudinal studies examining relations between weekly
depression symptom ratings and stress levels in adolescents and emerging adults at varied risk for depression.
We used the primary clinical outcome data from the RCT (episodes of depression and
depression symptom ratings) to create summary measures over time that could be converted into utility - based outcomes.
Not exact matches
Research has been conducted to determine the prevalence of maternal
depression among home visitation clients, 9,10,11,12 with these studies reporting depressive
symptom rates around 50 percent.
Questionnaire - based studies of living, retired NFL players have found
rates of memory
symptoms and
depression between 5 % and 20 % — an imprecise comparison, but one that may reflect NFL players more broadly.
STATS BEHIND THE STUDY • Kirsch's team found that
symptoms of SSRI - treated patients improved, on average, by 9.6 points on an index called the Hamilton
Rating Scale for
Depression.
About 2,500 Wisconsin residents from 229 neighborhoods answered an assessment that asked them to
rate their
symptoms of
depression, anxiety and stress.
Children who had been psychologically abused suffered from anxiety,
depression, low self - esteem,
symptoms of post-traumatic stress and suicidality at the same
rate and, in some cases, at a greater
rate than children who were physically or sexually abused.
Preadolescents receiving FB - IPT had higher
rates of remission (66 percent vs. 31 percent), a greater decrease in depressive
symptoms from pre - to post-treatment, and lower depressive
symptoms at post-treatment than did preadolescents with
depression receiving CCT.
Depressive
symptoms in children were measured by a clinician -
rated children's
depression rating scale, and mood questionnaires that both the child and parent completed.
Nearly half of the 392 low - income parents participating in the revised project had
symptoms of PTSD one year after the hurricane, and the
rate of other serious mental illnesses such as
depression and psychosis doubled to 14 %.
Participants who wished to be another gender had elevated
rates of anxiety and
depression symptoms.
It is already known that patients with multiple sclerosis have higher
rates of
depression than the general population and that
symptoms of multiple sclerosis arise from an abnormal response of the body's immune system.
Immune response has also been linked to
depression, leading researchers to think it could be a shared pathological mechanism that leads to the increased
rates of depressive
symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Several non-motor
symptom scales such as the Hamilton
Rating Scale for
Depression, apathy score, and non-motor
symptoms questionnaire were defined as secondary end points.
The
symptoms that we associate with a stressful lifestyle such as sleep deprivation, social isolation, weight gain and major
depression are all associated with higher
rates of heart disease.
The response
rate, which was defined as having a 50 % or more reduction of
symptoms, was 63 % for those that received acupuncture for
depression, in comparison to 44 % for those in the other 2 groups combined.
An underactive thyroid gland or hypothyroidism is indicated by a number of
symptoms including but not limited to fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, weight gain, thinning hair,
depression, impaired memory, muscle aches and tenderness, irregular menstrual periods, and slowed heart
rate.
«High school athletes with a history of concussion report
depression symptoms at the same
rate as athletes who have never sustained a concussion,» Schwarz said.
Deficiencies in these fatty acids lead to a host of
symptoms and disorders including abnormalities in the liver and the kidneys, reduced growth
rates, decreased immune function,
depression, and dryness of the skin.
The CPC resulted in significantly higher
rates of attendance at 4 - year colleges and employment in higher - skilled jobs and significantly lower
rates of felony arrests and
symptoms of
depression in young adulthood.
Suspension
Rates by 30 - 90 % Office Referral
Rates by 20 - 44 % Incidents of Physical Aggression After 1 Year by 43 % Suspensions After 5 Years by 95 % Student
Depression Symptoms
Symptoms for dogs, cats and most pets include vomiting, diarrhea, agitation, elevations in heart
rate and respiration
rate,
depression, tremors, ataxia, weakness, seizures, cyanosis, coma, and cardiac arrest.
Symptoms of a low body temperature include shivering, weakness, slow heart
rate,
depression, and blue mucous membranes.
This can present itself in a variety of
symptoms such as lethargy, skin problems, allergies, slow heart
rate, ear infections and sometimes
depression.
Symptoms include rapid breathing which may be noisy, rapid heart
rate with a weak pulse, pale (possibly even white) mucous membranes (gums, lips, under eyelids), severe
depression (listlessness) and cool extremities (limbs and ears).
Typically
symptoms of toxic rubber plants are mild vomiting and
depression, but can occasionally escalate to bradycardia — slowed heart
rate.
Depression, anxiety, somatic
symptoms and high
rates of comorbidity are significantly related to interconnected and co-occurrent risk factors such as gender based roles, stressors and negative life experiences and events.
The primary domains assessed included (1)
depression symptoms as measuredby the clinician - rated HAMD and self - reported Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 29; (2) global functioning as measured by the clinician - ratedClinical Global Impressions scale (CGI) 30 andC - GAS; and (3) social functioning as measured by the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (SAS - SR).31 Higher scores on the HAMD and BDIindicate a greater number of symptoms; on the CGI and C - GAS, better functioning; and on the SAS - SR, worse fu
depression symptoms as measuredby the clinician -
rated HAMD and self - reported Beck
Depression Inventory (BDI) 29; (2) global functioning as measured by the clinician - ratedClinical Global Impressions scale (CGI) 30 andC - GAS; and (3) social functioning as measured by the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (SAS - SR).31 Higher scores on the HAMD and BDIindicate a greater number of symptoms; on the CGI and C - GAS, better functioning; and on the SAS - SR, worse fu
Depression Inventory (BDI) 29; (2) global functioning as measured by the clinician - ratedClinical Global Impressions scale (CGI) 30 andC - GAS; and (3) social functioning as measured by the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (SAS - SR).31 Higher scores on the HAMD and BDIindicate a greater number of
symptoms; on the CGI and C - GAS, better functioning; and on the SAS - SR, worse functioning.
104 patients who were 18 — 70 years of age (mean age 38 y) and had panic disorder with or without agoraphobia according to DSM - III - R, a Hamilton Anxiety Scale score ⩾ 15, a Montgomery Asberg
Depression Rating Scale ⩽ 20,
symptoms lasting ⩾ 3 months, and no psychological treatment for panic disorder and agoraphobia in the preceding 6 months.
Improvement in
symptoms of
depression (Children's Depression Rating Scale - Revised, Clinical Global Impressions improvement score), and reduction in suicidal thoughts (Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire - Junior High School
depression (Children's
Depression Rating Scale - Revised, Clinical Global Impressions improvement score), and reduction in suicidal thoughts (Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire - Junior High School
Depression Rating Scale - Revised, Clinical Global Impressions improvement score), and reduction in suicidal thoughts (Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire - Junior High School Version).
At both baseline and follow - up there was a high
rate of depressive
symptoms with one third of the group scoring 14 or more on the Beck
Depression Inventory (a questionnaire designed to measure severity of depressive
symptoms).
Analysis of covariance showed that compared with the TAU group, the IPT - A group showed significantly fewer clinician - reported
depression symptoms on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (P =.04), significantly better functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (P =.04), significantly better overall social functioning on the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (P =.01), significantly greater clinical improvement (P =.03), and significantly greater decrease in clinical severity (P =.03) on the Clinical Global Impressi
depression symptoms on the Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale (P =.04), significantly better functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (P =.04), significantly better overall social functioning on the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (P =.01), significantly greater clinical improvement (P =.03), and significantly greater decrease in clinical severity (P =.03) on the Clinical Global Impressi
Depression Rating Scale (P =.04), significantly better functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale (P =.04), significantly better overall social functioning on the Social Adjustment Scale — Self - Report (P =.01), significantly greater clinical improvement (P =.03), and significantly greater decrease in clinical severity (P =.03) on the Clinical Global Impressions scale.
Included studies used several tools for measuring the severity of depressive
symptoms, namely the Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale (HAM - D), 21 22 30 34 35 Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ - 9), 24 36 Geriatric
Depression Scale (GDS), 23 26 28 Hopkins
Symptom Checklist - 20 (HSCL - 20), 37 38 Montgomery - Asberg
Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), 18 25 27 Beck
Depression Inventory - Fast Screen (BDI - FS) 39 and Center of Epidemiologic Studies
Depression Scale (CES - D).40 These tools have different score ranges (HAM - D = 0 — 53, PHQ - 9 = 0 — 27, GDS = 0 — 15, HSCL - 20 = 0 — 4, MADRS = 0 — 60, BDI - FS = 0 — 21 and CES - D = 0 — 60), with higher scores in all tools representing increasing severity of depressive
symptoms.
Efficacy (as a continuous outcome), measured by the overall mean change scores on depressive
symptom scales (self -
rated or assessor -
rated), for example, Children's
Depression Rating Scale (CDRS - R) 32 and Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) 33 from baseline to endpoint.
The Hamilton
Rating Scale for
Depression — 17 - Item42 was used to evaluate the severity of depressive
symptoms.
BSA patients had twice the self - reported
rate of depressive
symptoms as BW patients and five times the incidence of severe
depression.
ADHD,
depression, and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, the ADHD Rating Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Sca
depression, and anxiety
symptoms were measured using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, the ADHD
Rating Scale, the Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Sca
Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Beck
Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Sca
Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Hamilton Anxiety
Rating Scale (HARS).
Other outcome measures were the Hospital Anxiety and
Depression Scale (HADS) and the Gastrointestinal
Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS).
Although the
symptoms decreased, BSA consistently reported higher
rates of
depression than BW patients longitudinally.
Secondary outcomes included depressive
symptoms (end point
symptom scores) and remission (defined as a score on a
depression rating scale within the normal range — eg, HAMD score ⩽ 7, MADRS score ⩽ 12 or...
Specifically, compared with children who grow up in stable, two - parent families, children born outside marriage reach adulthood with less education, earn less income, have lower occupational status, are more likely to be idle (that is, not employed and not in school), are more likely to have a nonmarital birth (among daughters), have more troubled marriages, experience higher
rates of divorce, and report more
symptoms of
depression.8
Carers» mental health — Hospital and Anxiety
Depression Scale (HADS).40 Depressive and anxiety symptoms in carers will be measured using HADS, a self - rated measure, generating scores for both generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms, used widely to identify caseness for clinically significant depression and
Depression Scale (HADS).40 Depressive and anxiety
symptoms in carers will be measured using HADS, a self -
rated measure, generating scores for both generalised anxiety and depressive
symptoms, used widely to identify caseness for clinically significant
depression and
depression and anxiety.41
Because about 90 % of the available studies with chronically ill children used
depression rating scales rather than clinical diagnoses, the present meta - analysis focuses on depressive
symptoms.
Primary outcomes were response (Clinical Global Impressions [CGI] scale improvement
rating) and depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Rating Scale - Revised [CDRS - R]-RRB- which were measured weekly by clini
rating) and depressive
symptoms (Children's
Depression Rating Scale - Revised [CDRS - R]-RRB- which were measured weekly by clini
Rating Scale - Revised [CDRS - R]-RRB- which were measured weekly by clinicians.
One evaluation conducted in Queensland, Australia, reported moderate reductions in depressive
symptoms for mothers in the intervention group at the six - week follow - up.89 A subsequent follow - up, however, suggested that these benefits were not long lasting, as the
depression effects had diminished by one year.90 Similarly, Healthy Families San Diego identified reductions in
depression symptoms among program mothers during the first two years, but these effects, too, had diminished by year three.91 In Healthy Families New York, mothers at one site (that was supervised by a clinical psychologist) had lower
rates of
depression at one year (23 percent treatment vs. 38 percent controls).92 The Infant Health and Development program also demonstrated decreases in depressive
symptoms after one year of home visiting, as well as at the conclusion of the program at three years.93 Among Early Head Start families, maternal depressive
symptoms remained stable for the program group during the study and immediately after it ended, but decreased just before their children entered kindergarten.94 No program effects were found for maternal
depression in the Nurse - Family Partnership, Hawaii Healthy Start, Healthy Families Alaska, or Early Start programs.
A review of twenty studies on the adult lives of antisocial adolescent girls found higher mortality
rates, a variety of psychiatric problems, dysfunctional and violent relationships, poor educational achievement, and less stable work histories than among non-delinquent girls.23 Chronic problem behavior during childhood has been linked with alcohol and drug abuse in adulthood, as well as with other mental health problems and disorders, such as emotional disturbance and
depression.24 David Hawkins, Richard Catalano, and Janet Miller have shown a similar link between conduct disorder among girls and adult substance abuse.25 Terrie Moffitt and several colleagues found that girls diagnosed with conduct disorder were more likely as adults to suffer from a wide variety of problems than girls without such a diagnosis.26 Among the problems were poorer physical health and more
symptoms of mental illness, reliance on social assistance, and victimization by, as well as violence toward, partners.
Main Outcome Measures Child diagnoses based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia; child
symptoms based on the Child Behavior Checklist; child functioning based on the Child Global Assessment Scale in mothers whose
depression with treatment remitted with a score of 7 or lower or whose depression did not remit with a score higher than 7 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for D
depression with treatment remitted with a score of 7 or lower or whose
depression did not remit with a score higher than 7 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for D
depression did not remit with a score higher than 7 on the Hamilton
Rating Scale for
DepressionDepression.
With regular feedback to the GP of
depression test results, there is increased awareness of the presence of depressive
symptoms in stroke patients, resulting in greater
rates of treatment.
Each weekly
symptom severity level was assigned as presented in Table2, based on the 6 - point PSR scale for major
depression and mania plus the 3 - point PSR scale for
rating minor
depression / dysthymia, hypomania, DSM - IV atypical
depression, DSM - III adjustment disorder with depressed mood, and RDC cyclothymic personality.
The baseline interview also investigated the
rates of current depressive
symptoms, history of
depression and previous diagnoses of
depression.