As a result, prevention and treatment approaches that decrease relapse risk and / or increase the intervals between major
depressive episodes over the long term hold the greatest promise to benefit mothers and children.
So the first thing to recognize is that while it is natural to feel shame when experiencing depression, World Health Organization statistics show that 15 % of people living in high - income countries report having
a depressive episode over their lifetime.
Not exact matches
253 people aged 18 and
over with DSM - IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder, a DSM - IV defined history of ⩾ 2
episodes of mania, hypomania, major
depressive disorder, or mixed affective disorder (with one
episode occurring in the last year), and contact with mental health services in the last six months.
A study of individual cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder showed positive outcomes at 1 - year follow - up, but the benefits were reduced
over time, suggesting the need for booster sessions to sustain the gains.19 As with many forms of therapy, CBT has been found to be more successful in reducing relapse in the
depressive pole compared with the manic pole.30 A large randomised trial of CBT showed no difference between CBT and treatment as usual, when all participants were included in the analyses.31 However, results of a post-hoc analysis suggested that CBT was effective for participants who reported fewer than 12 prior
episodes of illness and were not acutely unwell when therapy began; numbers of
episodes of mania rather than depression seemed to predict treatment response.32 Such data can help guide the clinical application of CBT for bipolar patients.
Among the findings, the researchers determined that
over the 33 - month follow - up period, youths in the CBP condition had significantly fewer onsets of
depressive episodes compared with those in usual care (UC).
Adolescents at risk for depression in the Chicago and Boston areas were assigned randomly to the CATCH - IT intervention or to a health education control and were assessed
over time for
depressive symptoms,
depressive episodes, and other functional outcomes.
Given that significant gender differences emerge in adolescence with regards to both level of
depressive symptoms and number of
depressive episodes (Hankin et al. 2007), we examined whether gender moderated the relationship between perceived control and dependent interpersonal stress to predict changes in
depressive symptoms
over time.