Individual
depressive symptom scores were established by computing the mean score of these five items (α = 0.78).
Predicted
depressive symptom scores as a function of perceived control and dependent interpersonal stress in Canadian adolescents
However, when using an SEM approach we found little evidence that those who had high
depressive symptom scores at 12 were more likely to experience PEs at 18 if their depressive symptoms had resolved by this age, whereas those with PEs at 12 were slightly more likely to experience depressive symptoms at 18 even if their PEs had resolved by 18 years.
First, in order to control for individual differences in baseline levels of depressive symptoms, participant's initial
depressive symptom scores were included in the model.
Our analysis showed that
depressive symptom scores were significantly higher in individuals who failed to provide the requested five wear days.
The outcomes of interest were
depressive symptom scores and disease remission rates at the end of treatment.
The final sample (N = 562) was in excess of the pre-specified sample size that was calculated to detect a minimum difference between groups in
depressive symptom scores.
Using whole - exome sequencing to examine portions of DNA containing genetic code to produce proteins, Amin and colleagues found that several variants of NKPD1 were associated with higher
depressive symptom scores.
«And a good number of them are going to transition into fatherhood so we could actually look at
their depressive symptoms scores over that time frame.»
We used the standard Center for Epidemiologic Studies — Depression Scale
depressive symptom score of ≥ 16 to categorize participants as «at risk» of depression.
When the study children were 30 months old, maternal
depressive symptoms scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale were generally low (Table 5).
Figure 1 shows an inverse relationship (Spearman's rho r = − 0.149, P = 0.01) between
depressive symptom score and mean individual daily step count.
Not exact matches
Opioid use was also more likely for patients who
scored higher on a measure of pain catastrophizing — exaggerated responses and worries about pain — than those with
depressive symptoms.
For example, on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a widely used questionnaire in which a
score of 19 or above indicates major depression, women in the study group saw their
depressive symptoms decline from an average of 27 at the beginning of therapy to 9.6 eight months after the program concluded.
The depression subscale determines the level of
depressive symptoms a person is experiencing based on a 0 to 21
score, with a
score of 0 to 7 being normal, 8 to 10 being mild, and 11 or greater being moderate to severe.
Third, they calculated the change in the average depression
scores on HADS, and
depressive symptom prevalence between two months to six months, and from six to 12 months after discharge.
After adjusting for confounding factors such as maternal depression, family income and parental alcohol use, the researchers found that for every 3 - point (one standard deviation) increase on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ; a commonly - used measure of
depressive symptoms) on the part of fathers, there was an associated 0.2 - point increase in the adolescent's MFQ
score.
The changes in psychological well - being
scores (Supplementary Table S1) indicated major improvements in all three groups from the first to fifth day and 1 month later on all measures (
depressive symptoms, perceived stress, mindful awareness and vitality).
Ten months later
depressive symptoms and perceived stress were measured again and compared with their pre-study baseline
scores (Supplementary Table S2).
According to a 2014 study published in the journal Stroke, people who
scored higher on measures of unfriendliness, as well as those with chronic stress and
depressive symptoms, had a higher risk of stroke than the friendlier, kinder participants.
In screenings before the study began,
scores for
depressive symptoms and overall quality of life were similar for both groups.
I don't think we know for sure, but here is a quote from Healthy Longevity: «In regards to
depressive symptoms, a recent review of clinical trials found that cholesterol lowering statins are associated with improvements in mood
scores.
This group included 35 892 women with an incomplete depression history (ie, those who did not report their
depressive status in 1996, 1998, or 2000 or did not return or answer the Mental Health Index [MHI] questionnaire9 - 11 [a 5 - item subscale of the 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey] in 1992 or 1996), as well as women who reported taking antidepressants in 1996 (n = 2052) or had a physician - diagnosed episode of depression in 1996 or earlier (n = 3445), those with an unknown start date (n = 131), or those who reported severe
depressive symptoms (
score, ≤ 52) on the 1992 (n = 2381) or 1996 (n = 2271) MHI questionnaire.
Main Outcome Measures
Depressive symptoms assessed by Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale (CES - D)
score.
The presence of
depressive and obsessive
symptoms did not predict the outcome, although change in depression
scores correlated with improvement.
At 16 weeks,
depressive symptoms were still significantly reduced with IPT - A, but improvements in global functioning were slightly attenuated (mean HAM - D
score: 6.9 v 10.6, p = 0.04, effect size 0.51 (95 % CI 0.003 to 1.02); C - GAS trend to improvement, p = 0.06).
Multiple logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders (selected a priori): child's sex, race, use of behavior - modifying medication, history of academic retention, and hours of television per day; maternal obesity, smoking status, marital status, education, and
depressive symptoms; family poverty status; and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment - Short Form (HOME - SF) cognitive stimulation
score.
This was measured using the PHQ - 9; a nine - item self report assessment of
depressive symptoms, providing a summary
score ranging from 0 to 27.
At both baseline and follow - up there was a high rate of
depressive symptoms with one third of the group
scoring 14 or more on the Beck Depression Inventory (a questionnaire designed to measure severity of
depressive symptoms).
Total
scores were dichotomised at a threshold (
score ≥ 12) to identify
symptoms of depression / anxiety where clinical intervention would be appropriate.24, 25 During adolescence, we identified those with none, one, and two or more waves of
depressive symptoms.
Enrollment eligibility was based on youth meeting either of 2 criteria: (1) endorsed «stem items» for major depression or dysthymia from the 12 - month Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI - 12 [Core Version 2.1]-RRB- 38 modified slightly to conform to diagnostic criteria for adolescents, 39 1 week or more of past - month
depressive symptoms, and a total Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale (CES - D) 40
score of 16 or greater (range of possible
scores, 0 - 60); or (2) a CES - D
score of 24 or greater.
The following cut - off points of
depressive symptoms were used when interpreting the results in the present study: the range of
scores from 0 to 9 indicates no depression, 10 - 20 dysphoria and over 20 depression.
The observed HDRS
scores before treatment indicated mild to moderate
depressive symptoms but were consistent with previous studies8, 10 in primary care patients.
Depressive symptoms during the week preceding the interview were measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).26 The 10 - item questionnaire was summed to a continuous score where higher scores indicated greater frequency of depressive
Depressive symptoms during the week preceding the interview were measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).26 The 10 - item questionnaire was summed to a continuous
score where higher
scores indicated greater frequency of
depressivedepressive symptoms.
Of the mothers, 12 % had both obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and
depressive symptoms (CES - D
score ≥ 16), 19 % were obese only, and 18 % had
depressive symptoms only.
The pre — post effect size (d) was 0.95, and pre — follow - up was 1.08, comparable to effect sizes published investigating face - to - face mindfulness interventions for
depressive symptoms in those with diabetes, PTSD and cancer15, 56, 57 and online cognitive therapy interventions for
depressive symptoms in a moderately depressed sample.27, 36 The change in PHQ - 9 is higher than effect sizes found for IAPT depression and anxiety treatment where follow - up was at 4 and 8 months (0.46 and 0.63, respectively) 3 where the IAPT sample started with higher baseline depression
scores.
Organic and
depressive symptoms (automatic geriatric examination for computer assisted taxonomy [AGECAT],
score range 1 and 2 = subclinical to 5 = most severe), behavioural problems (Crichton Royal behavioural rating scale,
score range 0 = no problems to 38 = severe problems), and physical disability (Barthel activity of daily living index,
score range 0 = dependent to 20 = independent but not necessarily normal).
We applied generalised linear mixed models via PROC GLIMMIX to estimate the effects of different transitional patterns of exercise on
depressive symptoms with HLDS as the event, after adjusting for the previous CESD
score, age, gender, level of education, marital status, smoking, physical function, emotional support, social participation, self - rated health, economic satisfaction, employment and 10 chronic conditions.
Included studies used several tools for measuring the severity of
depressive symptoms, namely the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM - D), 21 22 30 34 35 Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ - 9), 24 36 Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), 23 26 28 Hopkins
Symptom Checklist - 20 (HSCL - 20), 37 38 Montgomery - Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), 18 25 27 Beck Depression Inventory - Fast Screen (BDI - FS) 39 and Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES - D).40 These tools have different
score ranges (HAM - D = 0 — 53, PHQ - 9 = 0 — 27, GDS = 0 — 15, HSCL - 20 = 0 — 4, MADRS = 0 — 60, BDI - FS = 0 — 21 and CES - D = 0 — 60), with higher
scores in all tools representing increasing severity of
depressive symptoms.
Efficacy (as a continuous outcome), measured by the overall mean change
scores on
depressive symptom scales (self - rated or assessor - rated), for example, Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS - R) 32 and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) 33 from baseline to endpoint.
Patients: In total, 226 low - income mothers with clinically significant
depressive symptoms (Centre for Epidemiological Studies — Depression Scale
score ≥ 16) and their infants / toddlers (mean age 24.9 months) were enrolled in Early Head Start Enrichment Programmes for low - income children.
Mothers reporting a high level of
depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale
score ≥ 16) reported significantly poorer prevention practices for car seat use, covering electrical plugs, and having syrup of ipecac in the home.
Patients: In total, 150 adults (age ≥ 35 years) with elevated
depressive symptoms (Beck depression inventory (BDI)
score ≥ 10 on two screens or ≥ 15 on one screen) 2 — 6 months after hospitalisation for ACS.
For example, among residents of neighbourhoods with a (relatively low) pollution
score of 21.4, the odds of reporting any
depressive symptoms in those living alone were 109 % higher than the odds observed in those living with others (table 4).
At 12 weeks, the intervention group adjusted mean
score for
depressive symptoms on the BDI - II was significantly lower than the control group by 5.8 points (95 % CI − 11.1 to − 0.5) after adjusting for baseline depression
scores, anxiety, sociodemographics, psychotropic medication use and clustering by practice.
ABSTRACT: Serum - based biomarkers and GDS - 30
score and subscales of
depressive symptoms were examined in a cross-sectional sample of 81 elderly men drawn from the TARCC cohort.
Inclusion criteria: cancer prognosis of 6 months or more; major
depressive disorder for ⩾ 1 month not associated with a change of cancer or cancer management; and a
score of ⩾ 1.75 on the
Symptom Checklist - 20 (SCL - 20) depression scale (
score range 1 — 4, higher
score indicating greater levels of
depressive symptoms).
For example, Brent et al19 reported that in the absence of maternal depression, cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective for adolescents with major depression than either systematic behavioral family therapy or nondirective supportive therapy; the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy was mitigated by the presence of maternal
depressive symptoms (ie, mothers with Beck Depression Inventory
scores > 9 vs ≤ 9).
After controlling for the child's age and sex and adjusting for baseline severity of child and maternal
symptoms, there was a significantly larger decrease in internalizing (adjusted mean
score difference, 8.6; P <.001), externalizing (6.6; P =.004), and total (8.7; P <.001)
symptoms among children of mothers who had a remission from major
depressive disorder over the 3 - month period than among children of mothers whose major
depressive disorder did not remit (Table 4).
Adjusted regression analyses evaluated predictors of prompts, the percentage of assertive prompts, and intrusiveness and the relation of each of these factors with child adiposity (weight - for - length z
score at 15 mo and BMI z
score at 24 and 36 mo) after control for the child's race - ethnicity and sex, family income - to - needs ratio, and maternal education, weight status, and
depressive symptoms.