2) Children who were more negative with a peer had fathers who were more intrusive and less engaged, and mothers who used
derisive humor more.
3) Mothers» emotional communication was related to the degree to which children displayed positive affect with peers: Mothers who were low in
derisive humor, criticality and intrusiveness had children whose peer interaction tended to have higher levels of laughter and joy than mothers who were higher in these negative parenting behaviors.
Children who showed more positive affect during peer play had mothers who used
derisive humor less, and were less intrusive and critical.
Children whose mothers abstained from criticism or
derisive humor in the parent - child interaction were able to establish common ground activities and exchange information with their friends.
In the parent - child play session, parent intrusiveness (physically taking over control of the video game they were trying to teach their child) and
derisive humor (making fun of the child's performance, being sarcastic) communicated incompetence and a lack of respect for the child's efforts.
Children whose parents were intrusive, disengaged, and used
derisive humor were more likely to have negative peer play with their best friends (being angry, crying, making negative comments, not complying with task instructions).
Inmates are the butts of very traditional, often
derisive humor.