Neural stem cells are found in adult or fetal brain and spinal cord or
derived from embryonic stem cells, which have the capacity to become any cell type in the body, or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, tissue - specific cells that are reprogrammed in the lab to behave like embryonic stem cells.
Just last month another biotech company, Geron Corp., said it had begun preliminary testing in people for treating spinal cord injuries by injecting cells
derived from embryonic stem cells.
Previous research in rodent disease models has shown that transplanted oligodendrocyte precursor cells
derived from embryonic stem cells and from human fetal brain tissue can successfully create myelin sheaths around nerve cells, sometimes leading to dramatic improvements in symptoms.
Freed expects transplants of neurons
derived from embryonic stem cells to enter the clinical arena soon as well.
In addition, where cells
derived from embryonic stem cells are great at proliferating — a potentially critical feature if one wants to grow sufficient numbers of cells for clinical use — ones from the iPS lines were much feebler.
Not exact matches
Two new papers have just been published documenting further advances with induced pluripotent
stem cells ---
stem cells that are «
embryonic - like» but that are not
derived from embryos.
On his website he writes: «
Embryonic stem (ES)
cells are pluripotent
stem cells derived from inner
cell mass of mammalian blastocysts.
The researchers detected this SMN long noncoding RNA, or lnc - RNA (pronounced «link RNA») for short, in human
embryonic kidney
cells, brain
cell samples and neurons
derived from the
stem cells of healthy people and those with spinal muscular atrophy type I and II.
Some scientists had claimed that the lymphatic system was
derived from specialized
stem cells called angioblasts, whereas others had argued that it originated by the differentiation of pre-existing
embryonic veins.
Researchers at Geron, meanwhile, had successfully
derived neurons
from human
embryonic stem cells and were pursuing research that would eventually look to repair the damage caused by spinal - cord injuries, a possible use for
embryonic stem cells that was much touted at the time.
But the factor that may make the discovery very significant is that umbilical cord blood can be saved, stored and multiplied without any of the ethical dilemmas facing
embryonic stem cell use, which are
derived from human fetuses.
For example, animal studies have shown that neurons
derived in the lab
from human
embryonic stem cells improve Parkinson's symptoms; however, any residual
stem cells associated with those neurons could form masses of unwanted
cells.
Consequently, a fundamental argument against using
embryonic stem cells and therapeutic cloning can not be
derived from existing constitutional law and additional court decisions.
Two weeks after the experimental myocardial infarctions, the Seattle researchers injected 1 billion heart muscle
cells derived from human
embryonic stem cells, called human
embryonic stem cell -
derived cardiomyocytes, into the infarcted muscle.
The
stem cells,
derived from human umbilical cord - blood and coaxed into an
embryonic - like state, were grown without the conventional use of viruses, which can mutate genes and initiate cancers, according to the scientists.
A person with spinal injuries today went down in history as the first to receive a treatment
derived from human
embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
The disease model, described in a new study by a UC San Francisco - led team, involves taking skin
cells from patients with the bone disease, reprogramming them in a lab dish to their
embryonic state, and
deriving stem cells from them.
In the past few months, researchers in the United States and Japan have described a promising way of
deriving embryonic stem cells from skin
cells (of mice) without destroying embryos — the «Holy Grail of biotechnology,» as The Times of London put it.
In 2008 a group of medical researchers led by Robert Lanza at Advanced
Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts, reported another leap: They discovered a way to avoid destroying the embryo by deriving an entire stem cell line from a single embryonic c
Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts, reported another leap: They discovered a way to avoid destroying the embryo by
deriving an entire
stem cell line from a single embryonic c
cell line
from a single
embryonic cellcell.
It is at this stage, when the fertilized egg is smaller than the period at the end of this sentence, that researchers extract the inner part of the blastocyst,
from which
embryonic stem cells are
derived.
In June Italian scientists announced the first human
embryonic stem cells derived from parthenotes — embryo - like structures formed when an egg starts to divide on its own, with no sperm involved.
These
stem cells, which are similar to highly sought - after
embryonic stem cells but
derived from adult
cells and then reprogrammed, could be turned into the
cell types needed for research, including neurons and intestinal and fat
cells.
Pluripotent
stem cells include
embryonic stem cells, which are
derived from early embryos, and induced pluripotent
stem cells, which are made by reprogramming
cells taken
from adult tissues such as skin.
(Cardiomyocytes
derived from human
embryonic stem cells in pro-survival factors enhance function of infarcted rat hearts Nature Biotechnology)
In February 2004 Hwang and his research group reported the first
embryonic stem cell line
derived from a cloned human embryo.
One is using
cells derived from human
embryonic stem cells to treat spinal cord injury (although funding problems have stopped the trial enrolling new patients) and another is testing a treatment for age - related macular degeneration.
Months to years after transplantation, retinal
cells derived from human
embryonic stem cells appear healthy — and may have unexpectedly helped vision in some recipients
IPSC's are
derived from the donated skin or blood
cells of adults and, with the reactivation of four genes, are reprogrammed back to an
embryonic stem cell - like state.
Embryonic stem (ES)
cells are
derived from early embryos and can in theory become any
cell in the body.
Shortly after his inauguration, Bush ordered a review of the current National Institutes of Health (NIH) policy, which allows the funding of
embryonic stem cell studies as long as researchers receive the
cells from privately funded researchers who have
derived them in accord with a set of ethical guidelines (ScienceNOW, 23 August 2000).
In the first published results
from a clinical trial using human
embryonic stem cells, two legally blind patients who received an injection of hESC -
derived cells in one eye have experienced no harmful side effects and appear to have slightly better vision.
Earlier this year, scientists at University of California, Los Angeles, and Advanced
Cell Technology of Marlborough, Massachusetts, reported in The Lancet about the safe and successful use of RPE
cells derived from human
embryonic stem cells, rather than iPS
cells, to treat a different type of AMD in a limited number of human patients.
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are
stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass
cells of a human embryo.
Though Hwang Woo - suk, a South Korean scientist claimed to have created the first human
embryonic clone and
derived a
stem -
cell line
from it in 2004 his work was later shown to be fraudulent.
Human
embryonic stem cells derived from affected embryos during a pre-implantation diagnostic (PGD), as well as the conversion of somatic
cells, such as skin fibroblasts, into induced pluripotent
stem cells by genetic manipulation, offer the unique opportunity to have access to a large spectrum of disease - specific
cell models.
His recent published work describes the rescued visual function in animals using retinal pigment epithelial
cells derived from human
embryonic stem cells and a method for
deriving stem cells using a single -
cell approach that does not harm embryos.
His executive order allowed funding on
embryonic stem -
cell lines
derived from embryos that had already been destroyed, but excluded funding of research using
stem cells from embryos destroyed after August 9, 2001 (the date of his announced policy).
Human
Embryonic Stem (hES)
cells derived from Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosed (PGD)- embryos offer a new alternative source of cellular model as they can be largely expanded, differentiated in several
cell types and harbors «naturally» the causative mutation of the pathology.
Immortalized Fibroblast - Like
Cells Derived from Human
Embryonic Stem Cells Support Undifferentiated
Cell Growth.
NeuroStemcell is focused on the identification and systematic comparison of progenitor
cell lines with the most favourable characteristics for mesDA and striatal GABAergic neuronal differentiation, generated either directly
from human
embryonic stem (ES) cells, from Neural Stem (NS) cells derived from ES cells or fetal brain, from induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells or from in vitro short - term expanded neural progenitors from ventral midbrain grown as neurospheres (VMN, Ventral Midbrain Neurospheres) 4, and perform rigorous and systematic testing of the most prominent candidate cells in appropriate animals mod
stem (ES)
cells,
from Neural
Stem (NS) cells derived from ES cells or fetal brain, from induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells or from in vitro short - term expanded neural progenitors from ventral midbrain grown as neurospheres (VMN, Ventral Midbrain Neurospheres) 4, and perform rigorous and systematic testing of the most prominent candidate cells in appropriate animals mod
Stem (NS)
cells derived from ES
cells or fetal brain,
from induced Pluripotent
Stem (iPS) cells or from in vitro short - term expanded neural progenitors from ventral midbrain grown as neurospheres (VMN, Ventral Midbrain Neurospheres) 4, and perform rigorous and systematic testing of the most prominent candidate cells in appropriate animals mod
Stem (iPS)
cells or
from in vitro short - term expanded neural progenitors
from ventral midbrain grown as neurospheres (VMN, Ventral Midbrain Neurospheres) 4, and perform rigorous and systematic testing of the most prominent candidate
cells in appropriate animals models.
Isolation and directed differentiation of neural crest
stem cells derived from human
embryonic stem cells.
A second method involves introducing the transgenic DNA into
embryonic stem cells (ES
cells)
derived from a mouse embryo at the very early stages of development.
Jason Lee / Reuters In the next few months, surgeons in the Chinese city of Zhengzhou will carefully drill through the skulls of people with Parkinson's disease and inject 4 million immature neurons
derived from human
embryonic stem cells into their brains.
Pancreatic endoderm
derived from human
embryonic stem cells generates glucose - responsive insulin - secreting
cells in vivo.
Efficient generation and cryopreservation of cardiomyocytes
derived from human
embryonic stem cells.
At the International Society for
Stem Cell Research 2017 Annual Meeting (June 14 - 17, 2017; Boston, USA), Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc (CA, USA) will present new 9 - month efficacy and safety data from their ongoing SCiStar Phase I / IIa trial of human embryonic stem cell - derived oligodendrocyte progenitor ce
Stem Cell Research 2017 Annual Meeting (June 14 - 17, 2017; Boston, USA), Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc (CA, USA) will present new 9 - month efficacy and safety data from their ongoing SCiStar Phase I / IIa trial of human embryonic stem cell - derived oligodendrocyte progenitor ce
Cell Research 2017 Annual Meeting (June 14 - 17, 2017; Boston, USA), Asterias Biotherapeutics, Inc (CA, USA) will present new 9 - month efficacy and safety data
from their ongoing SCiStar Phase I / IIa trial of human
embryonic stem cell - derived oligodendrocyte progenitor ce
stem cell - derived oligodendrocyte progenitor ce
cell -
derived oligodendrocyte progenitor
cells.
Enriched population of PNS neurons
derived from human
embryonic stem cells as a platform for studying peripheral neuropathies.
This approach is now being used to
derive embryonic stem cells from a variety of strains including disease models
from which in vitro tools are in demand, including mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, cytogenetic disorders (Turner's syndrome and Down syndrome), and tool strains for systems genetics.
Disease - specific human pluripotent
stem cells,
from embryonic origin or
derived from reprogramming somatic
cells, offer the unique opportunity to have access to a large spectrum of disease - specific
cell models.
When
derived from fetal membranes, such as chorionic and amniotic membranes, MSCs are considered an intermediate between human
embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and adult
stem cells.