While the Court's decision will have obvious implications for the future of
desegregation programs, it may also complicate the implementation of NCLB.
Long - term studies of black adults who as children were subject to court - ordered
desegregation programs, have found significant gains from attending integrated schools, including higher earnings and better health.
Several studies have examined the average effect of either the introduction or the removal of
desegregation programs using variation in timing across districts.
A handful of experimental studies of
desegregation programs compare participants with nonparticipants.
The absence of an evaluation component from most
desegregation programs has complicated efforts to measure program effects.
Desegregation programs in some cities prompted «white flight,» although over the long run it appears to have had only a small effect on housing patterns in most communities.
The Greens have called for Foundation Aid to be fully funded immediately, for the school aid formula to be reformed so it is more need - based, and for the state to support school
desegregation programs such as intra - and inter-district public school choice, consolidation, and incentives (such as magnet schools).
«This new public housing program will be a jobs program,
a desegregation program, and a clean energy program as well as an affordable housing program.
«So it would be a jobs program, and affordable housing program and energy program as well as
a desegregation program.»
«There will be no one - size - fits - all solution to this challenge,» said Wallack, who noted that a new, district - wide
desegregation program is now underway in Manhattan.
Prior to that, in 1976, Buffalo teachers went on strike during the first phase of a court - ordered
desegregation program.
In the most recent episode of This American Life, Nikole Hannah - Jones tells the story of a school district that accidentally launched
a desegregation program.
This was a basic finding from my interviews with adult graduates of Boston's voluntary city - suburban school
desegregation program, METCO (recounted in The Other Boston Busing Story, Yale University Press, 2001).
An income
desegregation program that involves all students may avoid the concentration of children with fewer family resources in particular schools.
Finis Welch and Audrey Light published a study in 1987 that used 16 years of data on enrollments and
desegregation program status to study in detail the changes in white enrollment surrounding the implementation of 116 major desegregation plans between 1967 and 1985.
In addition, these studies capture only the most direct impacts of
the desegregation program and are limited to a few interventions that may not be typical.
Mary Washington, head of Local 420, responded that Hubbard had run away from the St. Louis schools when as a student he used the voluntary
desegregation program to transfer to the Mehlville school district.
Though we are advocates of
the desegregation program we, along with other suburban schools, will be forced to make a tough decision: keep St. Louis city children at our expense or send them back to a system that is clearly fragile and ailing.
The Emergency School Aid Act, a $ 149 million federal
desegregation program that provided funding to Montclair, was wiped out along with 25 other federal programs when Congress passed a package of education block grants in the summer of 1981.
A federal judge in Arkansas last week ordered the Little Rock School District to reduce the number of teachers it plans to reassign in the upcoming school year as part of a comprehensive school -
desegregation program.
Superintendent William M. Kendrick's March 23 proposal to the city school board came some 10 years after Seattle became one of the nation's first major cities to undertake a comprehensive
desegregation program voluntarily.
Columbia University professor Amy Stuart Wells, for example, concluded that the decisions of St. Louis parents participating in a voluntary
desegregation program were based «on a perception that county is better than city and white is better than black, not on factual information about the schools.»
A model one - way
desegregation program begun 15 years ago in Hartford, Conn., is being phased out by order of the local school board, which argued that the district can no longer afford to send city students to suburban schools.
Not exact matches
I'm only just starting this one, but I can already see that it's more social - history - driven than Free for All, including some fascinating insights on how such seemingly far - flung issues as race,
desegregation and gender have played into the development of the current school lunch
program.
In a Washington Times op - ed last year, Carson sharply criticized HUD's Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
program, designed to incentivize
desegregation - based planning in the nation's cities, calling it a «mandated social - engineering scheme.»
Targeting additional resources to early childhood education, extended day, summer
programs, prudent class - size reduction, or enhanced accountability structures is likely to have a higher return in these communities than racial
desegregation efforts.
During the ensuing decades major
desegregation and compensatory education
programs were undertaken with the intention of rectifying these racial disparities.
Dr. Harris: Research suggests that court - ordered
desegregation is not as effective as
programs created voluntarily by governments and politicians.
Contrary to allegations by the U.S. Department of Justice, the scholarship
program improves racial integration in public schools in 34 districts under
desegregation orders
In reviewing the available research on the effects of segregation on educational opportunities for black students, Rivkin concludes the effects of
desegregation are most likely uneven and vary by
program and context.
Under the terms of a court settlement reached with the aid of a nationally known
desegregation researcher, the San Francisco Unified School District will open a currently unused facility to house the entire student body of a magnet middle school affected by the district's asbestos - cleanup
program.
active support by private foundations and community groups of efforts to continue local
desegregation plans and
programs, through research, advocacy and litigation;
To judge by the quality of the educational evaluation work I know best — on school
desegregation, Comer's School Development
Program, and bilingual education — the average quasi-experiment in these fields inspires little confidence in its conclusions about effectiveness.
The Department of Justice is suing Louisiana over its voucher
program, claiming it slows the
desegregation process.
The voluntary exchange
program is one part of a
desegregation order handed down by U.S. District Judge H. Barefoot Sanders in February 1982.
One in four state charter laws includes a
desegregation clause, and some voucher
programs, like Cleveland's, were begun to address what
desegregation orders had not.
The use of crosstown busing to accomplish
desegregation was unprecedented — and the case went right to the Supreme Court, which ruled in favor of the highly controversial forced integration
program in 1971.
It convinced Congress to abolish the Emergency School Aid Act
program, enacted in 1972 to support school - system
desegregation efforts, and fold it into the education block - grant bill enacted in 1981, the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act.
Though the
program falls under the law's choice provisions, the federal government still considers magnets an important aspect of
desegregation policy, defining a magnet school as one that «offers a special curriculum capable of attracting substantial numbers of students of different racial backgrounds.»
Under the new
program, however, magnet schools not only had to aid
desegregation, but also had to focus on improving the quality of education in order to qualify for funds.
In 1981 they were folded into the Chapter 2 block - grant
program, but explicit federal support for magnet schools as desegregation tools resumed in 1985 with the authorization of the Magnet Schools Assistance Program (MSAP), included in the Education for Economic Securi
program, but explicit federal support for magnet schools as
desegregation tools resumed in 1985 with the authorization of the Magnet Schools Assistance
Program (MSAP), included in the Education for Economic Securi
Program (MSAP), included in the Education for Economic Security Act.
Thus, although proponents of magnet schools have not disavowed the
desegregation goal that is the
program's roots, they currently place almost equal emphasis on magnets as instruments of school choice.
But it seems clear that passage of the measure, which appears on the state's Nov. 5 ballot as Proposition 209, would raise questions about a host of
programs that public K - 12 schools and colleges offer — from voluntary
desegregation efforts to certain tutoring and outreach
programs.
The Justice Department had sued to block Louisiana's voucher
program on the grounds that it interfered with
desegregation efforts.
The
program, the court ruled, is «outside the scope of [the 1975
desegregation ruling] because it provides aid to students rather than to private schools.»
In a «full evidentiary hearing,» Denver School Superintendent Joseph Brzeinski told U.S. District Judge Richard P. Matsch that the board's controversial «Total Access Plan» is an educational
program that does not even mention school
desegregation.
These chosen district schools largely comprise the country's 2,722 «magnet» schools (according to 2011 data), most of which offer themed
programs and were originally designed to encourage
desegregation by attracting a multi-racial clientele.
Leaving the
desegregation orders in place, he nevertheless acknowledged that the state's data showed that vouchers were promoting racial balance and said he did not want to scuttle the
program.
The
program has recently come under fire from the U.S. Department of Justice, which has filed a lawsuit alleging the
program is impeding federal school -
desegregation efforts initiated in the 1970s.
The legislation that created the LSP acknowledges that the
program is subject to these
desegregation plans.