Instead, the team used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to
detect populations of cells that seemed to fire as the volunteers played a virtual reality game in which they had to replace an object in the location where they originally found it.
Not exact matches
They have
detected, for example, revved up signaling molecules involved in inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and other cytokines; skewed
populations of natural killer
cells and other immune
cells; imbalances in the protein - destroying enzymes called proteases; and a shortening
of the telomeres, the «end caps» on chromosomes, which indicates prematurely aged
cells.
Targeting the labeled
cells for analysis, they revealed that their organoids contained a
population of sensory
cells that have the same functional signature as
cells that
detect gravity and motion in the human inner ear.
In this instance we did not
detect a plating difference in the
populations and approximately 16 %
of the deposited
cells survived to give rise to day 10 cultures (unpublished data).
These
cells were
detected in the peripheral region
of the EBs as specific
cell populations, such as SSEA1 - positive, OCT -4-positive
cells, OCT -4-positive, VASA - positive
cells, and OCT -4-negative, VASA - positive
cells.
A robust CD45 +
cell population was
detected (A)
of which a large portion was Gr - 1 + (B).
Interestingly, when we looked at the splenocytes in these mice and compared them to controls, we were not able to
detect a significant difference in the numbers
of Tregs, suggesting that in the transplant model, Tregs may be within the graft - infiltrating
population where they could regulate infiltrating host T
cells.
Although we were able to now
detect more distinct T and B
cell populations in the transplanted immunocompetent MRL and 129SvJ mice, the numbers
of lymphoid
cells remained far less than would be expected after bone marrow transplantation.
Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) expresses tissue hydration status and body
cell mass solely while considering the impedance vector relative to a
population of healthy individuals (24); this was a valid method for
detecting changes in hydration (classified as under -, normal or overhydration) and body fluid volume changes (25).