However,
detecting acceleration is difficult because of (i) interannual variability in GMSL largely driven by changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS)(7 ⇓ — 9), (ii) decadal variability in TWS (10), thermosteric
sea level, and ice sheet mass loss (11) that might masquerade as a long - term
acceleration over a 25 - y record, (iii) episodic variability driven by large volcanic eruptions (12), and (iv) errors in the altimeter data, in particular, potential drifts in the instruments over time (13).