Sentences with phrase «determined by the radiation»

Global climate is determined by the radiation balance of the planet (see FAQ 1.1).

The temperatures of objects in space, e.g. the Earth, Moon, space station, Mars, Venus, etc. are determined by the radiation flowing past them.

The temperatures of objects in space, e.g. the earth, moon, space station, mars, Venus, etc. are determined by the radiation flowing past them.

Surely the temperature at the surface of the earth isn't determined by radiation alone but by adiabatic compression of the atmosphere.

Not exact matches

This involves determining the composition of a planetary atmosphere by measuring its spectra, the distinctive radiation that gases absorb at their own particular wavelengths.

Stamets furnished capsules of freeze - dried fungus for a seven - year, NIH - funded study by Bastyr University and the University of Minnesota to determine whether turkey tail mushrooms could help breast cancer patients whose immune systems had been compromised by radiation therapy.

The imaging software — developed and currently in use only at Cincinnati Children's — mathematically determines the lowest possible radiation dose for the patient before a scan is performed, according to the study led by David Larson, MD, radiology quality and safety director at the medical center and principal architect of the technology.

The Unruh effect is closely related to Hawking radiation, extremely faint radiation emitted by a black hole at a temperature determined by its mass.

Another important aspect of the green - light KTP laser approach, Zeitels adds, is that biopsy and treatment of patients whose cancer involves a single vocal cord usually can be accomplished in the same procedure, whereas radiotherapy requires a prior biopsy to determine the extent and location of the tumor, followed by daily radiation treatments over approximately six weeks.

The dosimeter can determine the level of free radicals by comparing the amount of microwave radiation emitted with the amount that is reflected.

For example, from laboratory experiments we can determine the amount of amino acids produced per photon of ultraviolet radiation, and from our knowledge of stellar evolution we can calculate the amount of ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun over the first billion years of the existence of the earth.

An X-ray spectrometer onboard the spacecraft measured the X-ray radiation from the planet's surface, produced by solar flares on the sun, to determine the chemical composition of more than 5,800 lava deposits on Mercury's surface.

With the help of EDMR, electrically detected magnetic resonance, an ultrasensitive method of measurement, they were able to determine the local defects» structure by detecting their magnetic fingerprint in the photo current of the solar cell under a magnetic field and microwave radiation.

By obtaining continuous estimates of how much surface solar radiation would have occurred had clouds not been present, they were able to determine the effect of clouds on the solar radiation reaching the surface.

By showing that (a) there are no common physical laws between the warming phenomenon in glass houses and the fictitious atmospheric greenhouse effects, (b) there are no calculations to determine an average surface temperature of a planet, (c) the frequently mentioned difference of 33 C is a meaningless number calculated wrongly, (d) the formulas of cavity radiation are used inappropriately, (e) the assumption of a radiative balance is unphysical, (f) thermal conductivity and friction must not be set to zero, the atmospheric greenhouse conjecture is falsified

Several factors affect these cycles, but they are ultimately determined by orbital forcing — the Sun's radiation received by the Earth due to variations in the Earth's orbit in the solar system.

TOA radiation anomalies are determined from monthly averages by removing the seasonal cycle then smoothing with a twelve - month running mean.

A thick layer of interstellar dust obscures much of the Galaxy from scrutiny by optical telescopes, and astronomers can determine its large - scale structure only with the aid of radio and infrared telescopes, which can detect the forms of radiation that penetrate the obscuring matter.

In equilibrium, global temperature is indeed directly determined by the global radiation balance.

Examples of science projects enabled by the data in the High - Latitude Survey include: mapping the formation of cosmic structure in the first billion years after the Big Bang via the detection and characterization of over 10,000 galaxies at z > 8; finding over 2,000 QSOs at z > 7; quantifying the distribution of dark matter on intermediate and large scales through lensing in clusters and in the field; identifying the most extreme star - forming galaxies and shock - dominated systems at 1 < z < 2; carrying out a complete census of star - forming galaxies and the faint end of the QSO luminosity function at z ~ 2, including their contribution to the ionizing radiation; and determining the kinematics of stellar streams in the Local Group through proper motions.

Multiple treatments are administered in treating cancer with radiation, the precise schedule and number of doses are determined by the goals of treatment.

The x-ray machine is inspected on a regular basis by the state and the technician also wears a monitoring badge to determine if he / she has been accidentally exposed to any radiation.

By showing that (a) there are no common physical laws between the warming phenomenon in glass houses and the fictitious atmospheric greenhouse effects, (b) there are no calculations to determine an average surface temperature of a planet, (c) the frequently mentioned difference of 33 C is a meaningless number calculated wrongly, (d) the formulas of cavity radiation are used inappropriately, (e) the assumption of a radiative balance is unphysical, (f) thermal conductivity and friction must not be set to zero, the atmospheric greenhouse conjecture is falsified

The point is that although selection rules will determine whether a molecular vibration can absorb IR radiation, and is obviously necessary for a complete discussion of the issue, the issue can be simply addressed by consideration of the frequencies of absorption by the gas and emission by the planet.

The temperature of the heat bath can be determined from simple thermodynamics by figuring out the rate of heat flow into and out of the system by radiation, convection and conduction.

I find it difficult to see how the greenhouse gases, which create lines and bands in the blackbody spectrum of the Earth's radiation field, can also be radiating with an intensity determined by Planck's function.

i) The mass of the atmosphere — providing resistance to the flow of radiation through the atmosphere ii) The level of solar input which determines the height by which molecules can rise from the surface.

Too simple Doc, you need to determine the S - B equivalent energy per put forced by the candle and the fluorescent lighting while considering the downwelling longwave radiation mean of the bathroom atmosphere and the rate of energy transfer to the tub bottom before proposing that internal harmonics might impact energy transfer in the put put boat manifold leading to erratic propulsion.

In short, convection determines the lapse rate (moist adiabatic profile), but radiation allows convection to persist by opposing the convective warming effect.

He was right that surface temperature is determined by the balance between incoming solar energy and outgoing infrared radiation, and that the balance that matters is the radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere.

Instead atmospheric physics uses the fundamental equations (the radiative transfer equations) which determine absorption and emission of radiation by water vapor, CO2, methane, and other trace gases.

«Because the solar - thermal energy balance of Earth [at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)-RSB- is maintained by radiative processes only, and because all the global net advective energy transports must equal zero, it follows that the global average surface temperature must be determined in full by the radiative fluxes arising from the patterns of temperature and absorption of radiation.»

The latter gives rise to a strong negative feedback between the surface temperature Ts and the temperature of «absolutely black body» Tbb, which is determined by the solar radiation S reaching the Earth's surface at its distance from the Sun.

«The top - of - atmosphere (TOA) Earth radiation budget (ERB) is determined from the difference between how much energy is absorbed and emitted by the planet.

Here's Merriam Webster's version: Main Entry: carbon dioxide Function: noun: a heavy colorless gas CO 2 that does not support combustion, dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, is formed especially in animal respiration and in the decay or combustion of animal and vegetable matter, is absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis, and is used in the carbonation of beverages I know you'll all correct me if i'm wrong in stating if CO2 has no scientific facts supporting global warming based upon a factor of greenhouse gases (as opposed to solar radiation in another post, which would be defined by variations in earth, space, or similar factors), then where does science determine that CO2 «disolves in water to form carbonic acid» and is «absorbed from the air by plants in photosythesis»?

Thus, long - term variations of TSI (with account for their direct and secondary, based on feedback effects, influence) are the main fundamental cause of climate changes since variations of the Earth climate is mainly determined by a long - term imbalance between the energy of solar radiation entering the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere and the total energy emitted from the Earth back to space.»

Back radiation can not be added to solar flux when determining the surface temperature and, in fact, it does not penetrate warmer water by more than a few nanometres.

Weather and climate on Earth are determined by the amount and distribution of incoming radiation from the sun.

As obvious on figures 6 - A and 6 - B, Ttop and Ptop are determined by the water vapour that radiates over some 1900 cm - 1 much more than the 40 cm - 1 of the tropospheric CO2 near 614 cm - 1 and 718 cm - 1.; stratospheric radiation to the cosmos is not very important because the cooling of each layer is exactly equal to its heating mostly by UV absorbed by Ozone.

The strength of the IR component is determined by laws of emission and absorption of radiation and depend strongly on the temperatures at various levels, but the total flux is maintained at the level required by stationarity by the convection and transport of latent energy as long as the radiation alone is not sufficient.

One particularly thorny aspect of the MJO is determining how much heat is transferred between the ocean and throughout the atmosphere by convection and how much heat is absorbed or emitted in the form of radiation.

Clouds reflect sunlight back out to space, determining how much the climate system is heated by the near - constant incoming solar radiation.

By showing that (a) there are no c ommon physical laws between the warming phenomenon in glass houses and the fictitious atmospheric greenhouse effect b) there are no calculations to determine an average surface temperature of a planet, (c) the frequently mentioned difference of 33 C a meaningless number calculated wrongly, (d) the formulas of cavity radiation are used inappropriately, (e) the assumption of a radiative balance is unphysical, (f) thermal conductivity and friction must not be set to zero, the atmospheric greenhouse conjecture is falsified.

On the other hand, upward radiation from the surface of your ocean is determined by the temperature of that ocean.

If life evolves to utilise the visible range, it can determine where objects are spacially, like radar is used to detect objects by bouncing electromagnetic radiation off them.

For the 120th time (okay, maybe it's only the 19th), the temperature at the earth's surface is determined by the lapse rate and the level in the atmosphere at which the temperature is constrained, which is the effective radiating level, i.e., the average level from which radiation can successfully escape to space.

It is determined by the lapse rate from the effective radiating level, which is the level in the atmosphere from which, on average, the emitted radiation successfully escapes to space.

The EM radiation from the surface is determined by the surface temperature and surface emissivity.

That is determined by consideration of the absorption of the atmosphere of terrestrial radiation (and radiation emitted by the atmosphere), which essentially ends up determining at what altitude the temperature has to be determined via radiative balance between the Earth system (earth + atmosphere) and the sun and space [which for the earth system with its current albedo is ~ 255 K].

Greenhouse effect is throttled by humidity which determines the rate at which shortwave radiation absorbed by water can escape.