Advanced Cell Technology, based in Santa Monica California, is
developing embryonic stem cell therapies for macular degeneration and other conditions using cells obtained non-destructively from an early embryo called a blastocyst.
Peter Coffey, a stem - cell biologist at the Institute of Ophthalmology in London, is
developing an embryonic - stem - cell treatment for macular degeneration with the global drug company Pfizer.
The first known pterosaur egg reveals a well -
developed embryonic skeleton, com - plete with wing membranes and skin impressions.
Heidelberg Neuroscientists have identified a critical regulator for blood vessel growth in
the developing embryonic spinal cord.
Not exact matches
The research needed to make the embryo
develop to term will require trial and error, with the resulting destruction of countless
embryonic human lives.
In his pre-natal existence the
embryonic person passes through various stages remarkably similar to those by which the whole race has
developed by biological evolution.
It is apparent that the thought which
developed later of a great day coming which could bring the joy of God's favor to the righteous and stern judgment on the unrighteous is here in an
embryonic state.
The first page of Larsen's Human Embryology states that, `... [W] e begin our description of the
developing human with the formation and differentiation of the male and female sex cells or gametes [sperm and egg], which will unite at fertilisation to initiate the
embryonic development of a new individual».
When this zygote goes through more cell changes and divisions and attaches itself to your uterus wall, your
developing baby reaches the
embryonic stage.
While scientists have previously had success in 3D printing a range of human stem cell cultures
developed from bone marrow or skin cells, a team from Scotland's Heriot - Watt University claims to be the first to print the more delicate, yet more flexible, human
embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
Instead, after several days, researchers harvest
embryonic stem cells, which theoretically can
develop into any type of cell and, according to many researchers, may someday be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases or other conditions.
From such work, we've learned that many of the genes deployed in the
developing phallus are also used to build limbs during
embryonic development.
In the initial stages of the research project, Yaniv's team members Julian Nicenboim and Dr. Guy Malkinson obtained images of
developing zebrafish embryos, whose transparent bodies make it possible to document
embryonic development in real time over several days.
Now, a collaborative team of scientists at Washington University in St. Louis has
developed a new process to generate NP - like cells from hiPSCs, one that truly goes back to the beginning and mimics the process of
embryonic development.
In females, a similar
embryonic tissue called the Müllerian duct
develops into the fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina.
In laboratory tests on
embryonic mice engineered to not express myomerger in skeletal muscle, the animals did not
develop enough muscle fiber to live.
«We're now
developing a new bioreactor to make considerably more, which means we can make thousands and thousands more stem cells than are available from
embryonic sources,» says McGuckin.
Yoshiki Sasai at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe, Japan, and colleagues encouraged
embryonic stem cells to
develop into retinal cells, and then grew them alongside a protein matrix to promote the formation of tissue.
For this study, Guttridge, first author David J. Wang, who
developed many of the study's concepts, and their colleagues monitored NF - kB activity during tumor development using mouse
embryonic fibroblasts and two mouse models.
«Furthermore, results of our study highlight the importance of including moisture conditions when predicting embryo growth and sex ratios and in
developing proxies of
embryonic development.
An embryo donated for research revealed two inner cell masses (ICMs, internal cluster of cells at the
embryonic pole of the blastocyst which
develops into the body of the embryo), which is a sign of monochorionic / diamniotic pregnancy that will give rise to MZ twins.
Embryonic stem cells helped researchers
develop other research tools, such as iPSCs, he pointed out.
But he eventually did get a measure of recognition: The Wolffian body, an
embryonic structure in animals that
develops into the kidney, is named after him.
Without melanin during the
embryonic stage, the neuronal tracts leading from the eye to the visual cortex of the brain
develop aberrantly, resulting in diminished depth perception.
The
embryonic cells can
develop into replacement organs in the lab or be injected into an egg, where they
develop as a viable embryo and are literally born.
But it seemed unlikely, because the body coverings were thought to grow differently: Feathers and hair
develop from specialized plates of thickened ectoderm — an
embryonic cell layer — called anatomical placodes, structures not seen in reptiles.
During
embryonic development of mice, however, the situation is different: To build up the system, all mature blood and immune cells
develop much more rapidly and almost completely from stem cells.
A chick embryo's face
develops largely thanks to cells from an
embryonic structure known as the neural tube.
In a similar way to how they work in other cells, epigenetic markers push PGCs to their fate during
embryonic development, but PGCs are unique because when they
develop into sperm and eggs, the epigenetic markers are erased.
In 2001, after President Bush limited federally funded research to 69 existing
embryonic stem cell lines, Melton launched a private fund - raising crusade and
developed 17 new lines that are now available to any reputable stem cell researcher.
Now you know that if you take a mouse
embryonic stem cell that is, say, labeled so all of the
developed cells will be blue, and you inject it into a mouse blastocyst, you'll get a chimera.
The paper doesn't include any genetic analysis of the final eggs that confirms they are healthy, notes Mitinori Saitou, a stem cell biologist at Kyoto University in Japan whose team
developed methods to create mouse egg cells from
embryonic or reprogrammed stem cells.
Each of these cells, called naive, pre-implantation
embryonic cells, has the capacity to
develop into any cell type in the human body, an ability called pluripotency.
According to a report published online today by the journal Nature, mutations in genes that guide
embryonic development allowed insects to
develop a radically different body plan from that of their crustacean - like ancestors some 400 million years ago.
In contrast to
embryonic stem cells, when adult stem cells divide, their offspring are only able to
develop at the same site and in certain tissue types.
They propose that normal tissue becomes primed for cancer when oncogenes are activated and tumor suppressor genes are silenced or lost, but that cancer
develops only when a cell in the tissue reverts to a more primitive,
embryonic state and starts dividing.
All the muscles of our faces
develop from a strip of cells at the base of the
embryonic head, just as they do in lampreys, which belong to one of the oldest lineages of vertebrates alive today.
Because the precise activation of Hox genes is essential for a cell's fate, «the research should prove extremely useful in
developing novel
embryonic stem cell - based therapies, Mazzoni adds.
Michael Richardson, an embryologist at St. George's Hospital Medical School in London, began to wonder about Haeckel's drawings because they didn't square with his understanding of the rates at which
embryonic fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals
develop their physical features.
To test the power of the program, Keller's team collected images of the beginnings of the nervous system as it
developed in an
embryonic fruit fly.
In another study, cuttlefish peering through their transparent
embryonic sacs
developed a taste for certain prey; those that saw crabs preferred to snack on them after hatching, while those that did not chose shrimp.
«3 - D printed «building blocks» of life: Scientists have
developed a 3 - D printing method capable of producing highly uniform «blocks» of
embryonic stem cells.»
If these mutations happen during
embryonic development, there could be several neurological problems: the child could become autistic, kids could be born with seizure disorder, or the
developing neurons might not migrate to their proper site in the brain.
The researchers confirmed Olig2's role in promoting motor neuron formation by increasing or blocking the function of Olig2 in the spinal cords of
developing mouse and chicken embryos, as well as during motor neuron formation in mouse
embryonic stem cells.
Scientists have
developed a 3 - D printing method capable of producing highly uniform «blocks» of
embryonic stem cells.
Joao Botelho, a Brazilian student in Vargas» lab,
developed a revolutionary new technique that allows him to study specific proteins in 3D
embryonic skeletons.
One is a relatively unknown company, CyThera, set up less than 2 years ago in San Diego, that claims to have nine
embryonic stem cell lines and is currently trying to
develop pancreatic islet cells for treatment of diabetes.
Niakan and colleagues predicted from earlier work with mice and human
embryonic stem cells that the protein OCT4 would be necessary for the epiblast cells to
develop correctly.
In the future, the team hopes to investigate
embryonic dragons as well, snipping out the JARID2 and JMJD3 genes from their DNA and tracking what happens as the dragons
develop.
In 1983, Beddington set up her own lab at Oxford and became one of the first scientists to demonstrate that
embryonic stem cells can give rise to any tissue found in a
developed body.