A host of problems, including overfishing, practices such as cyanide and dynamite fishing that cause long - term reef damage,
coastal development, and climate change are all taking their toll
on the
ecosystem and its biodiversity.
Recalling the concern reflected in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference
on Sustainable
Development, entitled «The future we want», 1 that the health of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen - based compounds, from numerous marine and land - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution
on marine
ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization of significant adverse effects
on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration
on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting
on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership
on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention
on Biological Diversity
on addressing the impacts of marine debris
on marine and
coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have
on the marine environment, marine
ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human health; 1.
Klein is currently working
on several land - sea conservation planning projects in which she is studying how such land - based activities as farming, mining, and
coastal development impact marine
ecosystems and using the information to inform marine and terrestrial management decisions.