• Tend to occur in seizure - prone breeds (e.g. beagle, Bernese mountain dog, etc.) • Often
develop around puberty (8 - 10 months old); usually before 2 years of age • Discernible pre-ictal mood change (e.g. depressed, irritable or flat mood) • Behavioral event is often sudden in onset and bout - like — though bouts may cluster into a lengthy sequence • Behavior is often extreme, irrational, apparently unprovoked • Behavioral event may be triggered by stress or an environmental event (noise, flashing light) • May be associated with autonomic signs (salivation, urination, anal gland discharge) • Post-ictal depression / unresponsive or even aggression