One standard
deviation increase of CSF ApoA1 was associated with a 30 % increased risk of clinical progression (hazard ratio (HR)(95 % CI) = 1.3 (1.0 — 1.6)-RRB-.
Each standard
deviation increase of baseline proneurotensin was associated with an increased risk of 41 % for new - onset diabetes in women during the follow - up of 13 years.
Not exact matches
A 2013 study
of 1,004 development projects involving 11,376 employees at Indian software services firm Wipro found that when the tenure
of co-working between team members
increased 50 %, the incidence
of defects decreased 19 % and
deviations from budget went down 30 %.
The product writ large is designed to reduce a diversified portfolio's correlation to the market, lower standard
deviation (thus
increasing a portfolio's Sharpe ratio) and ultimately deliver long - term returns in excess
of the market.
The government could reduce the 50 percent
deviation to 25 percent and direct
increased funding for MLAs representing large electoral districts for the cost
of multiple constituency offices and an
increased travel / outreach budget.
A composite index for Israel as a whole, composed
of crime, national mood, and the stock market, showed an
increase of 1.38 standard
deviations over the same periods (p =.0001).
The composite index for Jerusalem comprising crime, auto accidents, and fires showed an
increase of approximately one standard
deviations during the 15 days when it was the group was largest compared to the 15 days when the group was smallest to (p =.003).
The Overall composite index
of all variables showed an
increase of 1.69 standard
deviations (p <.0001).
The mean BMI
of children was virtually identical across breastfeeding categories, but the standard
deviation of BMI monotonically decreased with
increasing breastfeeding duration.
This unexpected
deviation — the governor's appointees led the commission to adjourn without recommending a salary
increase — provided the impetus for a special session Cuomo, grappling with the indictment
of members
of his inner circle, hoped could leverage reform measures against a pay raise.
What researchers called «a 1 standard
deviation increase» in cumulative depression during early adolescence was associated with a 50 percent higher likelihood
of cannabis - use disorder.
Insulin resistance
increased by 17 % for every 10.6 µg / m3 (2 standard
deviations [SDs] from the mean)
increase in ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and 19 % for every 6 µg / m3 (2 SDs)
increase in particulate matter
of up to 10 μm in diameter.
Every standard
deviation increase in the inflammation score was also associated with a hippocampus volume that was 110 cubic millimeters smaller and the volume
of other areas affected by Alzheimer's disease was 532 cubic millimeters smaller.
After adjusting for confounding factors such as maternal depression, family income and parental alcohol use, the researchers found that for every 3 - point (one standard
deviation)
increase on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ; a commonly - used measure
of depressive symptoms) on the part
of fathers, there was an associated 0.2 - point
increase in the adolescent's MFQ score.
Walker said that the effect
of one standard
deviation increase in the overall inflammation score in mid-life on brain volume decades later was similar to the effect associated with having one copy
of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 gene that
increases the risk
of Alzheimer's disease.
Per standard
deviation increases in BPA concentration were associated with positive responses to questions about physician diagnoses
of myocardial infarction in age, sex and ethnicity adjusted models in 2005/06 (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.02 to 1.68, p = 0.036), with OR estimates for reported angina and «coronary heart disease» being similar to 2003/04 but narrowly missing conventional two sided statistical significance (Table 2).
(C) Detection
of selection defined by regions associated with decreased genetic diversity in domesticated horses relative to predomesticated horses [indicated by an
increased log - ratio
of the Watterson estimator (θw)-RSB- and showing potential
deviation from neutrality (indicated by decreased Tajima's D values).
Increased understanding
of the developing brain and how
deviations from normal development can
increase the risk
of neurological and psychiatric diseases has created a rich landscape
of opportunity for collaborations between leading academic medical centers and pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies dedicated to identifying new drugs and other interventions to help children.
As is described in further detail in the revised manuscript, we estimate that a 30 %
increase in progranulin is the change required to bring an average Grn + / - mouse within 2 standard
deviations of wild - type levels, making this a reasonable estimate for a biologically significant
increase.
However, after 26 wk
of age, a larger standard
deviation of the weight mean and a significantly
increased coefficient
of variance were observed in F0, F1, and F2 IVC males (Fig. 4, A and B).
Deviations from normal precipitation and mild temperatures systematically
increase the risk
of conflict, often substantially.
In this example, the standard
deviation of the firing rate for a given value
of θ
increases with
increasing firing rate from a baseline value, although the particular form
of noise chosen does not qualitatively affect our results.
Association
of Genetically - Elevated Waist - to - Hip Ratio Adjusted for Body Mass Index (One Standard
Deviation Increase) With Type 2 Diabetes Using Three Instruments
Association
of Genetically - Elevated Waist - to - Hip Ratio Adjusted for Body Mass Index (One Standard
Deviation Increase) With Type 2 Diabetes Using Three Instruments With Additional Adjustment for Body Mass Index
Association
of Genetically - Elevated Waist - to - Hip Ratio Adjusted for Body Mass Index (One Standard
Deviation Increase) With Coronary Heart Disease Using Three Instruments With Additional Adjustment for Body Mass Index
Association
of Genetically - Elevated Waist - to - Hip Ratio Adjusted for Body Mass Index (One Standard
Deviation Increase) With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease, Overall and by Quintile
of WHRadjBMI
Cognitive performance was then compared among high, low, and middle groups
of cardiovascular fitness; interpreted as
increased (i.e., the average
deviation from the regression line was +2.5; SD, 0.4), decreased (average
deviation, − 2.3; SD, 0.6), and approximately unchanged (average
deviation, − 0.03; SD, 0.8) cardiovascular fitness, respectively.
This sounds like a simple change on the surface, but it's a crucial
deviation that opens up myriad possibilities, and substantially
increases the kinetic dynamism
of each fight.
Rural students, who live in towns with fewer than 10,000 people, experience an
increase in critical - thinking skills
of nearly one - third
of a standard
deviation.
Students who went on a tour
of Crystal Bridges experience a 6 percent
of a standard
deviation increase in historical empathy.
Meanwhile, the average achievement in the new districts
increased by 0.35 standard
deviations (14 percentile points), and the shares
of African - American and Hispanic students decreased by 14 and 20 percentage points, respectively.
An
increase of one standard
deviation in the level
of maternal schooling
increases the likelihood
of graduating from college by 14 percentage points, nearly three times as much as the corresponding effect for single - parent family structure (5 percentage points).
Figure 2a shows that, holding constant all demographic measures other than income, an
increase of one standard
deviation in the single - parent measure is associated with a drop in children's completed schooling
of one - quarter
of a year.
We do, however, see for each additional field trip an
increase in the desire among minority students to attend cultural events
of 7 percent
of a standard
deviation.
Among rural students, the
increase is much larger: 22 percent
of a standard
deviation.
Overall, receiving a school tour
of an art museum
increases student tolerance by 7 percent
of a standard
deviation.
For each field trip students reported, there is an
increase in cultural participation
of 10 percent
of a standard
deviation.
Using WAC records, we again only find a significant benefit for minority students, an
increase in cultural participation
of 8 percent
of a standard
deviation.
This sharp
increase in teacher performance is about 0.27
of a standard
deviation (see Figure 3) and suggests that previously low - performing teachers who opted to remain on the job undertook successful efforts to improve.
Our results show that each year
of attendance at an oversubscribed Boston charter school
increases the math test scores
of students in our sample by 13 percent
of a standard
deviation.
In reading, student achievement is estimated to
increase by 0.14
of a standard
deviation.
Winning the lottery
increased the average achievement
of students» classroom peers by as much as a full standard
deviation in some subjects.
«Cost benefit estimates,» say the authors, «show that taxpayers paid 51 dollars per student for an experienced teacher to retire in return for an
increase in test scores
of 1 percent
of a standard
deviation — a negligible amount.»
Taken together, the cost and benefit estimates suggest that taxpayers paid $ 51 per student in return for an
increase in test scores
of 1 percent
of a standard
deviation.
We find that the accountability provisions
of NCLB
increased 4th - grade math achievement by roughly 7.2 scale points (0.23 standard
deviations) by 2007 in states with no prior accountability policies relative to states that adopted accountability systems in 1997.
• Each year
of attendance at an oversubscribed charter school
increased the math test scores
of students in the sample by 13 percent
of a standard
deviation, a roughly 50 percent
increase over the progress typical students make in a school year, but had no impact on their fluid cognitive skills.
The size
of this estimated effect is similar to the effect
of a larger black population, about 2 percent greater enrollment in charter schools accompanying a one - standard -
deviation increase in the fraction
of college - educated adults in the state.
For example, in 4th - grade math, we find that NCLB
increased scores at the 10th percentile by roughly 0.29 standard
deviations compared with an
increase of only 0.17 standard
deviations at the 90th percentile (see Figure 3).
Relative to the median, a teacher at the 84th percentile
increases math and English scores by 12 and 8 percent
of a standard
deviation, respectively — equivalent to approximately 3 months
of additional instruction.
For example, a 12.1 - percentage - point
increase (one standard
deviation) in the fraction
of a state's population that is black is associated with roughly a 2 - percentage - point
increase in charter school enrollment in the state.