Per standard
deviation increases in BPA concentration were associated with positive responses to questions about physician diagnoses of myocardial infarction in age, sex and ethnicity adjusted models in 2005/06 (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.02 to 1.68, p = 0.036), with OR estimates for reported angina and «coronary heart disease» being similar to 2003/04 but narrowly missing conventional two sided statistical significance (Table 2).
«With every standard -
deviation increase in a spouse's conscientiousness, an employee is likely to earn about $ 4,000 more a year,» reported the Harvard Business Review.
Every standard
deviation increase in the inflammation score was also associated with a hippocampus volume that was 110 cubic millimeters smaller and the volume of other areas affected by Alzheimer's disease was 532 cubic millimeters smaller.
Walker said that the effect of one standard
deviation increase in the overall inflammation score in mid-life on brain volume decades later was similar to the effect associated with having one copy of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 gene that increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Students who went on a tour of Crystal Bridges experience a 6 percent of a standard
deviation increase in historical empathy.
Because the scale scores follow a bell - shaped distribution, while percentile ranks are uniformly distributed between 0 and 100, a one - standard -
deviation increase in scores does not imply the same improvement in achievement in the two measures.
The size of this estimated effect is similar to the effect of a larger black population, about 2 percent greater enrollment in charter schools accompanying a one - standard -
deviation increase in the fraction of college - educated adults in the state.
[5] The results below indicate that a one standard
deviation increase in test scores is associated with a seven - percentage - point decline in the opt - out rate.
A one - standard -
deviation increase in theater interest is associated with an increase of 37 percent of a standard deviation in tolerance.
We therefore report the estimated effects of a one standard
deviation increase in the amount of competition faced by a given public school by each measure.
Second, Kirabo Jackson and Elias Bruegmann find that having more effective teacher peers improves a teacher's own performance; a 1 - standard -
deviation increase in teacher - peer quality is associated with a 0.04 - standard -
deviation increase in student math achievement.
There is now a 12.2 percent of a standard
deviation increase in test scores for each 10 - percentage - point increase in the private school share in a country.
More specifically, a one standard
deviation increase in credits accumulated led to a 38 percent greater chance of graduating for native students compared to only 20 percent for transfer students.
In particular, our preferred model finds that a ten percentage point increase in private share of schooling enrollment within a nation, over time, is associated with a 7.4 % of a standard
deviation increase in the Political Rights Index and an 8 % of a standard
deviation increase in the Economic Freedom of the World Index.
However, it turns out that the black children in our sample were less responsive to changes in socioeconomic status than the white children: a one - standard - deviation improvement in socioeconomic status for a black child was associated with a 0.18 standard
deviation increase in math scores, compared with 0.32 among white children.
And in all 8 models the point estimates suggest that a standard deviation improvement in classroom observation or student survey results is associated with less than a.1 standard
deviation increase in test score gains.
Jackson found that every standard
deviation increase in non-cognitive skills corresponds to a significant decrease in the drop - out risk and increased rates of high school graduation.
By contrast, one standard
deviation increase in standardized test scores has a very weak, often non-existent, relationship to these outcomes.
According to numerous sources listed below, a one standard
deviation increase in private equity holdings, such as those available on Fundrise, is associated with approximately 4.1 % greater returns per year.
Number of hours of respite care was positively related to improved marital quality for both husbands and wives, such that a 1 - h increase in weekly respite care was associated with a one - half standard
deviation increase in marital quality.
The strongest associations were most often found for the pattern of bedwetting that was both frequent (at least twice a week) and persistent (up to age 9) e.g. the temperament traits of «adaptability» and «mood» were associated with a 33 % increase (95 % confidence interval = 1.14 — 1.55) and a 27 % increase (1.10 — 1.47) respectively in the odds of persistent and frequent bedwetting per one standard
deviation increase in risk score.
Not exact matches
The product writ large is designed to reduce a diversified portfolio's correlation to the market, lower standard
deviation (thus
increasing a portfolio's Sharpe ratio) and ultimately deliver long - term returns
in excess of the market.
Assuming that pupils who are not allergic to pollen are also not affected by the pollen count, the results show that one
in ten pupils with hay fever dropped one grade when the pollen count
increased by a standard
deviation.
Analyzing patients covered by Medicare, the study finds that
increasing emergency - care spending by one standard
deviation about the mean generates roughly a 10 percent (and 4 percentage point) reduction
in mortality.
What researchers called «a 1 standard
deviation increase»
in cumulative depression during early adolescence was associated with a 50 percent higher likelihood of cannabis - use disorder.
Insulin resistance
increased by 17 % for every 10.6 µg / m3 (2 standard
deviations [SDs] from the mean)
increase in ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and 19 % for every 6 µg / m3 (2 SDs)
increase in particulate matter of up to 10 μm
in diameter.
After adjusting for confounding factors such as maternal depression, family income and parental alcohol use, the researchers found that for every 3 - point (one standard
deviation)
increase on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ; a commonly - used measure of depressive symptoms) on the part of fathers, there was an associated 0.2 - point
increase in the adolescent's MFQ score.
(C) Detection of selection defined by regions associated with decreased genetic diversity
in domesticated horses relative to predomesticated horses [indicated by an
increased log - ratio of the Watterson estimator (θw)-RSB- and showing potential
deviation from neutrality (indicated by decreased Tajima's D values).
Each standard
deviation increase of baseline proneurotensin was associated with an
increased risk of 41 % for new - onset diabetes
in women during the follow - up of 13 years.
As is described
in further detail
in the revised manuscript, we estimate that a 30 %
increase in progranulin is the change required to bring an average Grn + / - mouse within 2 standard
deviations of wild - type levels, making this a reasonable estimate for a biologically significant
increase.
However, after 26 wk of age, a larger standard
deviation of the weight mean and a significantly
increased coefficient of variance were observed
in F0, F1, and F2 IVC males (Fig. 4, A and B).
In this example, the standard
deviation of the firing rate for a given value of θ
increases with
increasing firing rate from a baseline value, although the particular form of noise chosen does not qualitatively affect our results.
A double - blind flight simulation study assessing motor performance
in licensed pilots «flying» through pre-specified (and practiced) holding patterns showed that smoking marijuana significantly
increased major and minor errors, and led to larger average
deviations from the assigned flight sequence, compared to those who smoked placebo cigarettes.
Rural students, who live
in towns with fewer than 10,000 people, experience an
increase in critical - thinking skills of nearly one - third of a standard
deviation.
Meanwhile, the average achievement
in the new districts
increased by 0.35 standard
deviations (14 percentile points), and the shares of African - American and Hispanic students decreased by 14 and 20 percentage points, respectively.
An
increase of one standard
deviation in the level of maternal schooling
increases the likelihood of graduating from college by 14 percentage points, nearly three times as much as the corresponding effect for single - parent family structure (5 percentage points).
Figure 2a shows that, holding constant all demographic measures other than income, an
increase of one standard
deviation in the single - parent measure is associated with a drop
in children's completed schooling of one - quarter of a year.
We do, however, see for each additional field trip an
increase in the desire among minority students to attend cultural events of 7 percent of a standard
deviation.
For each field trip students reported, there is an
increase in cultural participation of 10 percent of a standard
deviation.
Using WAC records, we again only find a significant benefit for minority students, an
increase in cultural participation of 8 percent of a standard
deviation.
This sharp
increase in teacher performance is about 0.27 of a standard
deviation (see Figure 3) and suggests that previously low - performing teachers who opted to remain on the job undertook successful efforts to improve.
Our results show that each year of attendance at an oversubscribed Boston charter school
increases the math test scores of students
in our sample by 13 percent of a standard
deviation.
In reading, student achievement is estimated to
increase by 0.14 of a standard
deviation.
Winning the lottery
increased the average achievement of students» classroom peers by as much as a full standard
deviation in some subjects.
«Cost benefit estimates,» say the authors, «show that taxpayers paid 51 dollars per student for an experienced teacher to retire
in return for an
increase in test scores of 1 percent of a standard
deviation — a negligible amount.»
Taken together, the cost and benefit estimates suggest that taxpayers paid $ 51 per student
in return for an
increase in test scores of 1 percent of a standard
deviation.
We find that the accountability provisions of NCLB
increased 4th - grade math achievement by roughly 7.2 scale points (0.23 standard
deviations) by 2007
in states with no prior accountability policies relative to states that adopted accountability systems
in 1997.
• Each year of attendance at an oversubscribed charter school
increased the math test scores of students
in the sample by 13 percent of a standard
deviation, a roughly 50 percent
increase over the progress typical students make
in a school year, but had no impact on their fluid cognitive skills.
For example,
in 4th - grade math, we find that NCLB
increased scores at the 10th percentile by roughly 0.29 standard
deviations compared with an
increase of only 0.17 standard
deviations at the 90th percentile (see Figure 3).
For example, a 12.1 - percentage - point
increase (one standard
deviation)
in the fraction of a state's population that is black is associated with roughly a 2 - percentage - point
increase in charter school enrollment
in the state.