Sentences with phrase «deviations increased with»

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«With every standard - deviation increase in a spouse's conscientiousness, an employee is likely to earn about $ 4,000 more a year,» reported the Harvard Business Review.

The mean BMI of children was virtually identical across breastfeeding categories, but the standard deviation of BMI monotonically decreased with increasing breastfeeding duration.

This unexpected deviation — the governor's appointees led the commission to adjourn without recommending a salary increase — provided the impetus for a special session Cuomo, grappling with the indictment of members of his inner circle, hoped could leverage reform measures against a pay raise.

Assuming that pupils who are not allergic to pollen are also not affected by the pollen count, the results show that one in ten pupils with hay fever dropped one grade when the pollen count increased by a standard deviation.

What researchers called «a 1 standard deviation increase» in cumulative depression during early adolescence was associated with a 50 percent higher likelihood of cannabis - use disorder.

Every standard deviation increase in the inflammation score was also associated with a hippocampus volume that was 110 cubic millimeters smaller and the volume of other areas affected by Alzheimer's disease was 532 cubic millimeters smaller.

Walker said that the effect of one standard deviation increase in the overall inflammation score in mid-life on brain volume decades later was similar to the effect associated with having one copy of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 gene that increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Per standard deviation increases in BPA concentration were associated with positive responses to questions about physician diagnoses of myocardial infarction in age, sex and ethnicity adjusted models in 2005/06 (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.02 to 1.68, p = 0.036), with OR estimates for reported angina and «coronary heart disease» being similar to 2003/04 but narrowly missing conventional two sided statistical significance (Table 2).

(C) Detection of selection defined by regions associated with decreased genetic diversity in domesticated horses relative to predomesticated horses [indicated by an increased log - ratio of the Watterson estimator (θw)-RSB- and showing potential deviation from neutrality (indicated by decreased Tajima's D values).

Each standard deviation increase of baseline proneurotensin was associated with an increased risk of 41 % for new - onset diabetes in women during the follow - up of 13 years.

One standard deviation increase of CSF ApoA1 was associated with a 30 % increased risk of clinical progression (hazard ratio (HR)(95 % CI) = 1.3 (1.0 — 1.6)-RRB-.

In this example, the standard deviation of the firing rate for a given value of θ increases with increasing firing rate from a baseline value, although the particular form of noise chosen does not qualitatively affect our results.

Association of Genetically - Elevated Waist - to - Hip Ratio Adjusted for Body Mass Index (One Standard Deviation Increase) With Type 2 Diabetes Using Three Instruments

Association of Genetically - Elevated Waist - to - Hip Ratio Adjusted for Body Mass Index (One Standard Deviation Increase) With Type 2 Diabetes Using Three Instruments With Additional Adjustment for Body Mass Index

Association of Genetically - Elevated Waist - to - Hip Ratio Adjusted for Body Mass Index (One Standard Deviation Increase) With Coronary Heart Disease Using Three Instruments With Additional Adjustment for Body Mass Index

Association of Genetically - Elevated Waist - to - Hip Ratio Adjusted for Body Mass Index (One Standard Deviation Increase) With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease, Overall and by Quintile of WHRadjBMI

Rural students, who live in towns with fewer than 10,000 people, experience an increase in critical - thinking skills of nearly one - third of a standard deviation.

Figure 2a shows that, holding constant all demographic measures other than income, an increase of one standard deviation in the single - parent measure is associated with a drop in children's completed schooling of one - quarter of a year.

We find that the accountability provisions of NCLB increased 4th - grade math achievement by roughly 7.2 scale points (0.23 standard deviations) by 2007 in states with no prior accountability policies relative to states that adopted accountability systems in 1997.

[5] The results below indicate that a one standard deviation increase in test scores is associated with a seven - percentage - point decline in the opt - out rate.

For example, in 4th - grade math, we find that NCLB increased scores at the 10th percentile by roughly 0.29 standard deviations compared with an increase of only 0.17 standard deviations at the 90th percentile (see Figure 3).

For example, a 12.1 - percentage - point increase (one standard deviation) in the fraction of a state's population that is black is associated with roughly a 2 - percentage - point increase in charter school enrollment in the state.

The average county experienced an increase of charter enrollment of 1 percentage point, with a standard deviation of 4 percentage points.

Weighted by student enrollment, the average increase is 2 percentage points with a standard deviation of 4 percentage points.

Specifically, teachers who were one standard deviation less effective (equivalent to the difference between a teacher at the 35th percentile and an average teacher) were associated with a 7.1 percentage point increase in the probability of dismissal.

A two - unit improvement in the inspection rating, such as from Satisfactory to Outstanding, is associated with an even larger increase of 0.21 standard deviations.

The strength of this relationship may be gauged by comparing the change in quality associated with changes in the school's position in the national test - score ranking: the results show that an increase of 50 percentile points is associated with an increase of 0.15 standard deviations in student perceptions of teacher practices (see Figure 1).

A one - standard - deviation increase in theater interest is associated with an increase of 37 percent of a standard deviation in tolerance.

A two - unit increase in the inspection rating is associated with an increase of 0.17 standard deviations in the parent satisfaction measure.

For both math and science, the study finds that a shift of 10 percentage points of time from problem solving to lecture - style presentations (for example, increasing the share of time spent lecturing from 60 to 70 percent) is associated with a rise in student test scores of 4 percent of a standard deviation for the students who had the exact same peers in both their math and science classes — or between one and two months» worth of learning in a typical school year.

Finally, an increase of one standard deviation in the concentration of private schools nearby is associated with an increase of about 1 percent of a standard deviation in test scores.

Second, Kirabo Jackson and Elias Bruegmann find that having more effective teacher peers improves a teacher's own performance; a 1 - standard - deviation increase in teacher - peer quality is associated with a 0.04 - standard - deviation increase in student math achievement.

That is, we can say with 95 percent confidence that the effect of a 10 - percentage - point increase in the private school share is between 3.9 and 14.2 percent of a standard deviation in test scores.

For example, in a school with three equal - sized 4th - grade classrooms, the replacement of a teacher with a VA estimate of 0.05 standard deviations with one with a VA estimate of 0.35 standard deviations should increase average test scores among 4th - grade students by 0.1 standard deviations.

Using this relationship, increasing per - pupil spending by 10 percent is associated with about 0.12 standard deviations higher test scores (this relationship is statistically significant at the 1 percent level).

In particular, our preferred model finds that a ten percentage point increase in private share of schooling enrollment within a nation, over time, is associated with a 7.4 % of a standard deviation increase in the Political Rights Index and an 8 % of a standard deviation increase in the Economic Freedom of the World Index.

However, it turns out that the black children in our sample were less responsive to changes in socioeconomic status than the white children: a one - standard - deviation improvement in socioeconomic status for a black child was associated with a 0.18 standard deviation increase in math scores, compared with 0.32 among white children.

Impressively, attending the school with the strongest civic climate (where 85 percent of students listed voting as a component of good citizenship) rather than the school with the weakest civic climate (where 46 percent chose voting) increased anticipated participation by a quarter of a standard deviation, or by about twice the effect of the individual student's having listed voting as a component of good citizenship.

An increase of one standard deviation in the level variable is associated with ratings that are almost one - third of a letter grade higher after taking into account other school characteristics.

The results of my analysis suggest that high - stakes testing substantially increases math and reading performance, with gains on the order of 0.20 to 0.30 standard deviations.

An increase of 18 percentage points in percent proficient (i.e., one standard deviation) is associated with a rating that is on average 0.16 grade points higher, or about one - sixth of a letter grade.

The achievement of a nationwide sample of 4th and 8th grade students with the same racial make - up as Chicago students, as measured by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), increased roughly 0.25 standard deviations in math during the 1990s, though there was no gain in reading.

And in all 8 models the point estimates suggest that a standard deviation improvement in classroom observation or student survey results is associated with less than a.1 standard deviation increase in test score gains.

They then use as an example the 0.044 (p < 0.05) coefficient (as related to more classroom observations with explicit feedback tied to the Common Core) and explain that «a difference of one standard deviation in the observation and feedback index was associated with an increase of 0.044 standard deviations in students» mathematics test scores — roughly the equivalent of 1.4 scale score points on the PARCC assessment and 4.1 scale score points on the SBAC.»

Although Gaetz's bill does not include fiscal expenditures, as noted in the main text (§ IV, supra), in reviewing the start time / academic achievement studies undertaken by fellow economists, Columbia University Assistant Professor of Finance and Economics Jonah Rockoff and the Walter H. Annenberg Professor of Education Policy, Professor of Economics, and Professor of Education at the University of Michigan, Brian Jacob, concluded that delaying middle and high school start times «from roughly 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. -LSB-,]» will increase academic achievement by 0.175 standard deviations on average, with effects for disadvantaged students roughly twice as large as advantaged students, at little or no cost to schools; i.e., a 9 to 1 benefits to costs ratio when utilizing single - tier busing, the most expensive transportation method available.

Nonetheless, Adnot et al.'s (2016) highlighted finding was that «on average, DCPS replaced teachers who left with teachers who increased student achievement by 0.08 SD [standard deviations] in math.»

Scores for girls and boys increased significantly over time with an effect size of over one half of a standard deviation, suggesting that students reported higher feelings of self - competence with ICT skills by the end of the week (see Table 4).

The problem with so - called difference - to - difference research design is that it can inflate what would otherwise be minor increases and decreases in standard deviations during the time periods measured.

For example, a change of one standard deviation in turnover on a given grade - level team is associated with a drop in student math scores of.02 standard deviations, while 100 percent turnover on a given grade - level team is associated with a drop in student math scores of between.08 and.10 standard deviations.35 These effects extend beyond students with a new teacher, indicating that increased turnover causes disruption that can affect other classrooms.

First - year test scores in Apollo 20's schools showed some gains, with an increase in standard deviations of.234 in middle school math and.368 in high school math.