Sentences with phrase «differences between the study populations»

It could therefore not be excluded that differences in the treatment results were caused by differences between the study populations and not by the different drugs used.

Age standardisation is a statistical method that adjusts crude rates to account for age differences between study populations.

Not exact matches

Overall, the national study revealed there are more similarities than differences between small business owners in all diverse segments and those in the general population.

And in Canada, where it appears safest of all, several studies have demonstrated that in carefully selected populations, there is no difference between the number of babies who die at home or in the hospital.

These studies show little difference between epidural and nonepidural (usually opiate - exposed) babies in terms of Apgar score and umbilical - cord pH, both of which reflect the baby's condition at birth.78 However, a large - population survey from Sweden found that use of an epidural was significantly associated with a low Apgar score at birth.79

Baseline differences were noted between groups in two studies (Graffy 2004; Hoddinott 2012), in one study, the intervention was not delivered to all participants in the intervention group (Reeder 2014), and in one study, the study group differed significantly from the background population (Winterburn 2003).

The difference between Paleoamerican and modern Native American facial features is likely a combination of additional waves of migration from Siberia, via Beringia, and genetic drift, a gradual change in appearance and other traits as populations divide, migrate and adapt, says Jim Chatters, a Seattle - area anthropologist who led the multinational study of Naia.

«Our findings show that population differences in transcriptional responses to immune activation are widespread, and that they are mainly accounted for by genetic variants that differ in their frequencies between human populations,» said Lluis Quintana - Murci of Institut Pasteur and CNRS in Paris, France, who led one of the two studies.

When we standardized all the estimates to a common scenario — i.e., the same exposure to screening, and a similar target population, period of screening, and duration of follow - up — the magnitude of the difference between studies dropped from twentyfold to about fourfold.»

«For the first time, our study points to a risk difference between drinking daily and drinking five or six days a week in the general male population, since earlier studies were conducted on alcohol misusers and patients referred for liver disease and compared daily drinking to «binge pattern» or «episodic» drinking,» observed lead investigator Gro Askgaard, MD, of the Department of Hepatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, and the National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.

The study revealed no size difference between mainland and island populations.

Writing in the new issue of The Milbank Quarterly, the study's authors note that they can't be certain that all the population - wide differences between Massachusetts and its neighbors came directly from the expansion of insurance coverage.

In this study that followed a large population of Swedish women over 16 years, the difference in median age at death between women with menopause at 40 years and women with menopause at 60 years was 1.3 years.

The psychologists also studied the gender and ethnic similarities and differences between Hispanic parents and the larger general population of non-Hispanic families.

The authors write that one explanation for lack of statistically significant differences between the treatment groups in all - type cancer incidence is that the study group had higher baseline vitamin D (serum 25 - hydroxyvitamin D) levels compared with the U.S. population.

A recent study has shown genetic differences between rural and urban great tit populations which suggests this may be the case.

The study, led by Dr Chris Tyler - Smith of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, analysed sequence differences between the Y chromosomes of more than 1200 men from 26 populations around the world using data generated by the 1000 Genomes Project.

«Overall, however, the study confirms the long - held assumption that the genetic differences between populations of a given species might predict its probability of contributing to the diversity of life,» Harvey said.

This could change studies on large populations, allowing medicine to highlight differences between them.»

«This is the first time we have seen differences in lipid concentrations between populations,» says evolutionary biologist Philipp Khaitovich of the CAS - MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology in Shanghai, China, and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, lead author of the new study.

«Results from our observational study in young adults with normal kidney function may not translate into a clinically meaningful difference and may be insufficient to inform decision - making concerning marijuana use; however, it is possible that the association between marijuana use and kidney function could be different in other populations such as older adults or patients with kidney disease, so additional research is needed,» said Dr. Ishida.

However, she said, further studies would be required to confirm the findings and to account for behavioral differences between populations such as smoking, birth control use, and age at first sexual activity.

These mutations varied tremendously between populations, which counters a popular view that many of the differences between populations arose by chance or were genetic variants that hitchhiked along with other genes that improved reproductive success, says biological anthropologist Henry Harpending of the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, and co-author of another study of accelerated evolution.

According to the authors, given the apparent differences between Western and Sub-Saharan African populations, additional studies are required to assess the basis of HIV - 1 disease in Sub-Saharan Africa as well as determine major determinants driving immune activation and inflammation in this population.

The significant difference in outcome achieved by transplantation of hGDAsBMP versus hGDAsCNTF demonstrates clearly that not all astrocytes are equivalent in respect to their therapeutic value, and this appears to be the first study demonstrating functional differences between different human astrocyte populations with respect to repairing the adult central nervous system.

Given the marked differences between the two patients in the study, it is difficult to draw conclusions that might be broadly applicable to a larger patient population at this time and clearly more patients are needed.

There were ≈ 1.5-fold differences in total magnesium intake between the highest and lowest quintiles of the study population (medians: 382 mg / d in the highest quintile, 230 mg / d in the lowest).

Sex differences between our findings and those of prior studies may have been due to the overall healthy sample of our study population, but could also have been due to the race distribution and relatively small size of our sample.

First of all, as the paper makes clear, this was a study about blood lipids and the differences between different populations, i.e., those eating a «civilized diet,» vs. those further north eating predominately their natural diet, except for at most 2 months of the year (remember that number).

Hotelling's T2 test indicated a nonsignificant (T2 = 1.7756, P > 0.05) difference between the study group vector and the reference population 50 % CI ellipse, confirming that the hydration of FFM was normal, so the DXA results were not influenced by altered soft - tissue hydration (21, 22).

The 1989 MCS publication concluded: «For the entire study population, no differences between the treatment and control groups were observed for cardiovascular events, cardiovascular deaths, or total mortality.»

Differences between studies may be caused by different imaging techniques or different populations.

When different studies use the same joint angle for measurement, these can be compared to one another so long as differences between the populations tested are acknowledged.

When different studies use the same angular velocity for measurement, these can be compared to one another, so long as differences between the populations tested are acknowledged, and so long as the dynamometer used is the same in both cases, as differences have been observed between brands (Francis & Hoobler, 1987; Thompson et al. 1989; Gross et al. 1991).

Many studies that examine the differences between face - to - face conversations and exchanges on online discussion boards have investigated the experiences of adult populations, such as graduate students (Meyer, 2003; Wang & Woo, 2007) and preservice teachers (Larson & Keiper, 2002).

Although we saw little functional difference between clicker training and just using food rewards in our study training a novice population of dogs and owners, this may not hold true for individuals engaging in training at a competitive or working level.»

By studying the DNA differences between these populations of corals and doing various experiments, transplanting cooler - water corals into the warm - water area and in special stress - testing equipment that can very precisely monitor water temps, the researchers are looking for the holy grail: A way to save corals by giving them more heat resistance.

The observed differences between their study and our assessment can further result from variations in the base data employed: Jongman et al. [73] used a finer resolution SRTM grid at 3 arc sec resolution but coarser resolution population density data at 5 arc min resolution and, as mentioned earlier, an older version of the UN's demographic data.

With only a few pockets of heavy population density, the dollar cost difference between the most expensive and cheapest cities is $ 457 or 28 % for the sample 30 - year old male driver we studied.

Research within clinical populations consistently finds that girls are more often abused than boys, although research focused on the broader population of community youth has not shown such gender differences in rates of physical maltreatment.72 Female offenders typically are abused before their first offense.73 Among girls in the California juvenile justice system, 92 percent report some form of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse.74 Self - reported victimization rates among boys in the juvenile justice system are considerably lower, though boys may be more likely than girls to underreport certain forms of abuse.75 Some studies report abuse rates for males between 25 percent and 31 percent, while others report rates of 10 percent for sexual abuse and 47 percent for physical abuse.76 Closer comparison reveals that delinquent males and females tend to report different types of traumas as well.

Furthermore, a large proportion of comparison participants qualified for a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis (combining subthreshold and full diagnoses)(Table 4), sometimes exceeding population rates.40 It seems more compelling that differences at the mean age of 41 years between probands and comparison participants reflect differential development, especially because findings are highly consistent with other, briefer follow - up studies.

Recent research conducted in mainland China found that obesity prevalence was higher among children in wealthier families, 4 but the patterns were different in Hong Kong with higher rates of childhood obesity among lower income families.4 5 Hong Kong, despite having a per capita gross domestic product of Hong Kong dollar (HK$) 273 550, has large income differences between rich and poor as reflected by a high Gini coefficient of 0.539 reported in 2016; approximately 20 % of the population are living in poverty as defined by a monthly household income below half of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stress.

This inconsistency in findings might be explained by the differences in the study population, study design, stability of internalizing traits in our population, or differences between parenting practices in different cultures.

Accordingly, the present study used latent difference score modeling with data from a large population - based sample of colorectal cancer patients to: 1) describe the trajectory of post-traumatic growth for colorectal cancer patients from soon after diagnosis to five years subsequently 2) assess the heterogeneity of a post-traumatic growth response to cancer over time and 3) describe the simultaneous and longitudinal relationships between post-traumatic growth and psychological distress after colorectal cancer.

The authors found no statistically significant differences in association measures between participants in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and the total population, indicating that the generalizability of this study is not violated by selection Study and the total population, indicating that the generalizability of this study is not violated by selection study is not violated by selection bias.