Relative
differences in gene expression between treatment with L - arginine (groups 3 and 4) were represented as fold change.
The authors are now working to understand how selection acts differently on males and females, and how this leads to
differences in gene expression between the sexes.
Not exact matches
When the team measured
gene expression first
in the stem cells, and then re-evaluated the cells once they had become neurons, very specific
differences emerged
between the cells derived from bipolar disorder patients and those without the condition.
Despite
differences in brain size, the researchers found striking similarities
between primate species of
gene expression in 16 regions of the brain — even
in the prefrontal cortex, the seat of higher order learning that most distinguishes humans from other apes.
Differences between populations
in gene expression have not been well characterized before.
Rather than listing specific
genes that manifest themselves differently, or are differentially expressed,
between queens and workers, the team looked for
genes with similar
expression patterns across samples that may be involved
in maintaining the structural, behavioural and functional
differences observed
between queens and workers.
This information is not only important because it can now help scientists try to understand how the
differences between queen and worker may arise through interactions among
genes, but also for the evolution of ants, and
in the evolution of
gene expression more generally.
The researchers» results suggest that structural and functional
differences between queens and workers result from the differential
expression of evolutionary conserved sets of
genes, or
genes that are basically expressed
in the same manner throughout evolution among all ant species.
The new study, published this month by Molecular Autism
in a special issue on sex
differences in autism, further shows a stronger correlation
between the
expression level of RORA and that of
genes regulated by RORA
in males.
In fact, the researchers found gene expression differences between ASD and non-ASD in genes related to translation and immune / inflammation functions, as well as cell adhesion and cell cycl
In fact, the researchers found
gene expression differences between ASD and non-ASD
in genes related to translation and immune / inflammation functions, as well as cell adhesion and cell cycl
in genes related to translation and immune / inflammation functions, as well as cell adhesion and cell cycle.
For example, the researchers were able to identify previously unknown
gene expression differences between the neural stem cells that give rise to the brain's deep structures versus its neocortical surface, and to show that molecular signatures of different neural cell types arise much earlier
in brain development than previously realized.
The team found deep conservation of certain processes that likely reflects similar underlying regulatory processes
between mouse and man, but there were also significant
differences in gene expression during kidney development, as well as
in the timing, scale, organization, and molecular profile of key cell types and cell structures.
These
gene expression variances could explain the
differences in disease risks, or disease symptoms,
between males and females, Clark says.
A baseline study shows major
differences in gene expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary
between male and female pigeons.
Pääbo has also found that
differences in gene expression (how active a
gene is) may have played a role
in creating the gap
between chimp and human brains.
We know that all
differences between these appendages are specified by the
expression of the Hox
gene Ultrabithoax (Ubx)
in the haltere and its absence from the wing (1).
Differences in gene expression are likely to specify much of the phenotypic differences between and with
Differences in gene expression are likely to specify much of the phenotypic
differences between and with
differences between and within species.
If, for instance, a researcher finds that dozens of
genes in a microarray are differentially expressed on a high - fat purified ingredient diet compared to a low - fat GB diet, it is tempting to conclude that
gene expression was altered due to the
differences in fat levels
between the diets.
All six
genes could be validated, and showed significant
expression differences between unrelated patients with diabetes and nondiabetic subjects
in the same direction as the discordant twins (Fig. 1B and D).
Sex
differences describe biology - linked
differences between women and men, which are caused by
differences in sex chromosomes, sex - specific
gene expression of autosomes, sex hormones, and their effects on organ systems (Figure 1)(1, 3).
The color band to the right of the heatmap indicates the mean
difference in expression (DE)
between the baseline and post-intervention time points for each of the differentially expressed
genes.
To quantitatively determine
differences between the
expression levels of these
genes in hNSCs and hESCs, we utilized real time RT - PCR.
Again, this might be either due to the
difference between complete knock out of the
genes versus reduction of gbp1, gbp2
expression via RNAi, or due to the activity of GBP1 and GBP2
in other organs.
Hailing from academia and biotechnology, we aimed to discover
differences in gene expression levels
between tumors and healthy cells.
This
difference in the effect on ilp2 mRNA
expression could result from the
difference between completely removing the activity of these
genes in the gbp1, gbp2 ex67 mutant larvae versus partial reduction of their mRNAs
in the GBP1, GBP2 double knock downs.
The only clue indicating that
differences in gene expression level are not the reason for the observed correlation
between the recombination rate and the size of introns is that we do not see a comparable pattern when examining the size of exons, the number of exons per
gene, and the overall size of proteins.
Differences between mRNA
expression in testis of IVC and control males for several
gene categories (A, B).
Differences between mRNA
expression of several epigenetic regulatory
genes analyzed on blastocysts produced
in vivo and by
in vitro culture with FCS or BSA supplementation.
Recently, a large - scale microarray study characterized
gene expression differences between current, former, and never smokers [5], and identified specific
genes related to xenobiotic functions, anti-oxidation, cell adhesion and electron transport to be more highly expressed
in current smokers relative to never smokers.
The
difference between a human being and a chimp is
in gene expression in the epigenome.