Sentences with phrase «differences in gene expression of»

In these images of rat brains, differences in gene expression of genes for fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2, top set) and dopamine 2 receptor (D2, bottom sett) can be seen in rats of two breeds before (left) and after (right) cocaine exposure.

«There was also a big difference in gene expression of a specific enzyme called nicotinamide N - methyltransferase.»

Not exact matches

Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations.

They examined whether there were differences in the composition of the breast milks» microRNAs, snippets of RNA that affect gene expression and can be passed to the infant.

«Human and chimpanzee genes differ very little, so one hypothesis in evolutionary genomics holds that humans and chimpanzees are so phenotypically different because of differences in the way they regulate gene expression.

We wanted to understand what types of differences are always there, what is causing them, and what they mean,» says Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, a professor in Salk's Gene Expression Laboratory and co-senior author, with Kelly Frazer of the University of California, San Diego, on the new paper, which was published in Cell Stem Cell in April 2017.

For example, the nuclei in the centers of the mutant organoids moved more slowly, and we saw significant differences in gene expression.»

It isn't clear exactly why the differences fade, Hochedlinger says, but it may be that the expression of embryonic genes is strengthened as the cells grow in culture, gradually overwriting the cells» old gene - expression patterns.

«The 20 - year difference in expression of the gene abnormality shows the devastating consequences of recent environmental factors, such as eating high - glycaemic foods and a lack of exercise,» Froguel says.

An analysis of gene expression of the known fungal partner in the two species showed no differences.

Their results showed that both forms of RP had clear differences in gene expression compared to normal retinas.

When the researchers started taking weeds out of the corn at early points, such as when the corn had as few as two and four leaves, they still saw differences in gene expression when compared to corn without weeds.

The researchers also found differences in microRNA expression in bipolar cells — tiny fragments of RNA that play key roles in the «reading» of genes.

What we were surprised to find out was that the real differences we could detect in terms of when we did the swap experiments to say which yeast could outperform the other — what we learned was that the GAL1 gene, that the part [of] that, the DNA sequence is outside of the GAL1 gene, it acts as a switch to turn up or turn down GAL1 expression, that had evolved considerably from the ancestral situation; and same for the GAL3.And then what had happened was that each function had been optimized, that GAL3 had sort have been tuned to be sort of a loosely regulated kind of available anytime sensor of galactose and GAL1 had evolved to be an incredibly tightly regulated, in fact, it's the most tightly regulated gene you know of in yeast.

«We are currently in the process of identifying differences in gene expression and neuroanatomy in these birds to better understand the neural mechanisms of these cognitive deficits,» says Roth.

Most importantly, plants from the spring sites had differences in the expression of hundreds of genes.

Despite differences in brain size, the researchers found striking similarities between primate species of gene expression in 16 regions of the brain — even in the prefrontal cortex, the seat of higher order learning that most distinguishes humans from other apes.

In this case, the study authors say, differences in gene expression over the course of a day may cause a person's heart to heal more quickly in the afternoon than in the morninIn this case, the study authors say, differences in gene expression over the course of a day may cause a person's heart to heal more quickly in the afternoon than in the morninin gene expression over the course of a day may cause a person's heart to heal more quickly in the afternoon than in the morninin the afternoon than in the morninin the morning.

A large body of research has reported that Nanog is allelically regulated — that is, only one copy of the gene is expressed at any given time — and fluctuations in its expression are responsible for the differences seen in individual embryonic stem (ES) cells» predilection to differentiate into more specialized cells.

«By looking comprehensively at gene expression within cells, we can now spot numerous important differences in complex tissues like the brain that are invisible today,» said George Church, Ph.D., a Core Faculty member at the Wyss Institute and Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School.

This information is not only important because it can now help scientists try to understand how the differences between queen and worker may arise through interactions among genes, but also for the evolution of ants, and in the evolution of gene expression more generally.

The researchers» results suggest that structural and functional differences between queens and workers result from the differential expression of evolutionary conserved sets of genes, or genes that are basically expressed in the same manner throughout evolution among all ant species.

It's the first time scientists have shown in selectively bred animals that the propensity for addiction is linked to differences in expression of genes for specific molecules in a specific brain region.

The new study, published this month by Molecular Autism in a special issue on sex differences in autism, further shows a stronger correlation between the expression level of RORA and that of genes regulated by RORA in males.

For example, the researchers were able to identify previously unknown gene expression differences between the neural stem cells that give rise to the brain's deep structures versus its neocortical surface, and to show that molecular signatures of different neural cell types arise much earlier in brain development than previously realized.

He has been studying differences in gene expression in infected and uninfected plants and finds that the fungus seems to increase the activity of genes involved in seed production.

The team found deep conservation of certain processes that likely reflects similar underlying regulatory processes between mouse and man, but there were also significant differences in gene expression during kidney development, as well as in the timing, scale, organization, and molecular profile of key cell types and cell structures.

They compared space - flown endothelial cells to endothelial cells cultured under normal gravity, looking for differences in gene expression and / or in the profile of secreted proteins.

Among older sets of twins, however, significant differences in the gene - expression portraits were apparent for 35 percent of the study group.

The team suspects the difference may be due to the expression of a gene that codes for a growth factor called bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2); expression was 30 % higher in the developing forelimbs of bats than it was in mice.

We know that all differences between these appendages are specified by the expression of the Hox gene Ultrabithoax (Ubx) in the haltere and its absence from the wing (1).

****, significant differences in dosing regimen on the expression of each membrane transporter gene were observed as assessed by two - way ANOVA analysis, P <.0001; ***, significantly different by ANOVA, P <.001; **, significant differences by ANOVA, P <.01; *, significant differences by ANOVA, P <.1.

By evaluating DNA methylation, the researchers discovered differences in gene networks and gene expression linked to the central nervous system and interactions with HIV that appeared uniquely in monocytes of HIV infected study participants with cognitive impairment.

Gene expression analysis of the animals» skeletal muscles led to another clue: differences in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation.

Differences in gene expression are likely to specify much of the phenotypic differences between and withDifferences in gene expression are likely to specify much of the phenotypic differences between and withdifferences between and within species.

So, the inevitable next question was, are the connectivity and gene expression differences of the cells associated with their roles in processing local and global cues?

If, for instance, a researcher finds that dozens of genes in a microarray are differentially expressed on a high - fat purified ingredient diet compared to a low - fat GB diet, it is tempting to conclude that gene expression was altered due to the differences in fat levels between the diets.

However, there was no difference in the relative expression of the gene during the night - time (C23 and T23 in Fig. 5C).

Gene expression differences over a critical period of afferent - dependent neuron survival in the mouse auditory brainstem.

Sex differences describe biology - linked differences between women and men, which are caused by differences in sex chromosomes, sex - specific gene expression of autosomes, sex hormones, and their effects on organ systems (Figure 1)(1, 3).

Additionally, sex differences were recently also described in the transcriptome of human placental cells, demonstrating an influence of fetal sex on placental gene expression in a cell - type dependent manner (186).

B — E: Technical and biological validation of six metabolically relevant genes selected from among the ones with the largest expression differences in adipose tissue of diabetic vs. nondiabetic co-twins.

Gene Expression Differences in Normal Esophageal Mucosa Associated with Regression and Progression of Mild and Moderate Squamous Dysplasia in a High - Risk Chinese Population

The color band to the right of the heatmap indicates the mean difference in expression (DE) between the baseline and post-intervention time points for each of the differentially expressed genes.

Others were unanticipated, including significant differences in expression levels among genes involved in fundamental cellular processes such as ribosomal biogenesis, transfer RNA processing, and Notch - signaling — part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions.

To quantitatively determine differences between the expression levels of these genes in hNSCs and hESCs, we utilized real time RT - PCR.

Again, this might be either due to the difference between complete knock out of the genes versus reduction of gbp1, gbp2 expression via RNAi, or due to the activity of GBP1 and GBP2 in other organs.

The role of αCaMKII autophosphorylation in the establishment of alcohol addiction Alanna Easton, King's College, UK Novel age - dependent learning deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: implications for translational research Karienn Montgomery, University of Florida, USA Microsatellite regions upstream of the vole Avpr1a gene contribute to both individual and species differences in receptor expression Zoe Donaldson, Columbia University, USA Per Genes and Addiction Stephanie Perreau - Lenz, Central Institute of Mental Health, Germany

This difference in the effect on ilp2 mRNA expression could result from the difference between completely removing the activity of these genes in the gbp1, gbp2 ex67 mutant larvae versus partial reduction of their mRNAs in the GBP1, GBP2 double knock downs.

The ability of these populations to interconvert in vitro combined with their subtle differences in gene expression lead us to ask if there was any functional significance to this low level of PrEn gene expression.