Sentences with phrase «differences in income levels»

So while racial residential segregation has been decreasing over the past few decades, it still remains high, and very little of it can be explained by racial differences in income levels.

In particular, we use existing research about how much a high level of achievement boosts the earnings of an individual worker, combined with our new measures of the average achievement levels of workers in each state, to gauge the contribution of differences in achievement to differences in income levels across states.

Think of a substantial amount of migration taking place within a larger country with significant differences in income levels in different parts of the country, but a still federal but somewhat homogenized legal system.

Not exact matches

Securing big salary gains in your 20s and 30s — before income levels off in your 40s — can make all the difference when it comes time to retire.

First, in Figure 7 below, the difference in the level of income of seniors with and without 3rd pillar income is noted.

There were no significant differences between the 12 test groups in the proportions of main vs. joint household grocery purchasing responsibility (F11, 789 = 1.5, p > 0.05), gender (F11, 789 = 0.6, p > 0.05), age group (F11, 789 = 0.5, p > 0.05), education level (F11, 789 = 1.0, p > 0.05) or household income (F11, 789 = 0.9, p > 0.05), indicating that randomization to test groups was successful.

Twenty years later, researchers found no difference in job advancement or income level between the two groups (with the exception of inner city kids).

The political science research shows us that levels of income inequality vary considerably across capitalist countries, and that these differences are related to differences in social and economic policies which, in turn, are related to differences in who governs.

This effect remained stable when differences in educational qualifications and income levels were controlled for.

For many cacao farmers in developing nations, tripling their yields would mean the difference between a subsistence - level income of $ 1 a day and a manageable $ 3 a day.

Although we addressed this issue in several ways, including the use of a natural experimental design exploiting the quasi-randomized assignment of patients to hospitalists, it is still possible that unmeasured confounding (eg, residual differences in socioeconomic status of patients that are not explained by patient race / ethnicity, Medicaid eligibility, and household income level) could explain the observed differences in patient outcomes.

Furthermore, there are differences in the type of bean consumed by income level, with lower - income individuals consuming primarily pinto and lima beans and high - income individuals consuming more black beans and garbanzos.

In making our estimates, we take into account differences between countries in their level of income, the average number of years students are in school, and population growth rateIn making our estimates, we take into account differences between countries in their level of income, the average number of years students are in school, and population growth ratein their level of income, the average number of years students are in school, and population growth ratein school, and population growth rates.

If this explanation were true, we would expect to find a positive association between school - level income and school - level academic inputs, and a negative association between school - level income and the differences in the value - added by teachers within the same school.

Most differences between performance in public and private schools, according to the report, can be attributed to elements in the family background of the students, such as family income and the parents» educational level.

There remains only a 6 percent difference between the highest and lowest performing students in the district, says Thorstenson, despite the inequality in income levels.

The strongest correlates of achievement gaps are local racial / ethnic differences in parental income, local average parental education levels, and patterns of racial / ethnic segregation, consistent with a theoretical model in which family socioeconomic factors affect educational opportunity partly though residential and school segregation patterns.

Her research interests involve understanding the social, cognitive, and affective factors related to math learning and achievement with a specific interest in individual differences related to gender and income level.

The coalition believes the Board took a positive step by approving an increased level of ambition in new long - term goals and interim benchmarks, especially for students who have traditionally had less opportunity to excel — children of color, those whose families have less income, English language learners and students who are challenged by learning differences.

The report evaluated the 50 U.S. states on four fairness measures: per - pupil funding levels; funding distribution (whether a state provides more or less funding to schools on the basis of their poverty concentration); effort (differences in state spending relative to the state's fiscal capacity); and coverage (the proportion of children in public schools and the income ratio of private and public school families).

Beginning with the now - famous evidence reported by Coleman and his colleagues (1966), study after study suggests that socioeconomic status (SES) of families explains more than half of the difference in student achievement across schools; it is also highly related to violence, dropping out of school, entry to postsecondary education and levels of both adult employment and income.

The discrepancy between community property and common law became even more pronounced at higher income levels, in particular when there was a large difference in income between spouses.

The maximum amount that is taxed at the child's rate is $ 950, and at this income level the difference in rates is 10 % (the regular tax rate is 10 % and the capital gains rate at this level is 0 %), so the difference can be as much as $ 95.

However, a few strategically - placed higher - yielding stocks could make the difference in receiving an adequate level of current income.

tables are formulated based on mathematical formula / based on average spending on children in families at difference levels of income

Auto insurance rates change from one zip code to the next, primarily because of the differences in population densities, unemployment rates, median resident ages, median income levels, poverty rates, crime data, and the percentage of uninsured drivers on the road.

Differences in average income between countries are important up to a certain level of development, but differences within developed countriDifferences in average income between countries are important up to a certain level of development, but differences within developed countridifferences within developed countries are key.

Previous research also suggests that there are differences in feeding practices depending on maternal education (Vereecken, Keukelier, & Maes, 2004) and income level (Baughcum et al., 2001).

Analyses indicated that the off - line venues in which respondents met their spouse also were associated with different levels of marital satisfaction [F (9, 12,252) = 5.65, P < 0.001], and these differences remained significant when adjusting for year of marriage, sex, age, educational background, household income, ethnicity, religious affiliation, and employment status as covariates [F (9, 11,466) = 3.87, P < 0.001].

An additional positive finding in this study reported that there were no significant differences attributed to the income or educational levels of the parents.

Recent research conducted in mainland China found that obesity prevalence was higher among children in wealthier families, 4 but the patterns were different in Hong Kong with higher rates of childhood obesity among lower income families.4 5 Hong Kong, despite having a per capita gross domestic product of Hong Kong dollar (HK$) 273 550, has large income differences between rich and poor as reflected by a high Gini coefficient of 0.539 reported in 2016; approximately 20 % of the population are living in poverty as defined by a monthly household income below half of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stresin mainland China found that obesity prevalence was higher among children in wealthier families, 4 but the patterns were different in Hong Kong with higher rates of childhood obesity among lower income families.4 5 Hong Kong, despite having a per capita gross domestic product of Hong Kong dollar (HK$) 273 550, has large income differences between rich and poor as reflected by a high Gini coefficient of 0.539 reported in 2016; approximately 20 % of the population are living in poverty as defined by a monthly household income below half of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stresin wealthier families, 4 but the patterns were different in Hong Kong with higher rates of childhood obesity among lower income families.4 5 Hong Kong, despite having a per capita gross domestic product of Hong Kong dollar (HK$) 273 550, has large income differences between rich and poor as reflected by a high Gini coefficient of 0.539 reported in 2016; approximately 20 % of the population are living in poverty as defined by a monthly household income below half of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stresin Hong Kong with higher rates of childhood obesity among lower income families.4 5 Hong Kong, despite having a per capita gross domestic product of Hong Kong dollar (HK$) 273 550, has large income differences between rich and poor as reflected by a high Gini coefficient of 0.539 reported in 2016; approximately 20 % of the population are living in poverty as defined by a monthly household income below half of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stresin 2016; approximately 20 % of the population are living in poverty as defined by a monthly household income below half of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stresin poverty as defined by a monthly household income below half of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stresin societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stresin these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stresIn our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stresin the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stress.

For example, compared to older mothers, teen mothers display lower levels of verbal stimulation and involvement, higher levels of intrusiveness, and maternal speech that is less varied and complex.47, 48 Mothers with fewer years of education read to their children less frequently25, 49 and demonstrate less sophisticated language and literacy skills themselves, 50 which affects the quantity and quality of their verbal interactions with their children.2 Parental education, in turn, relates to household income: poverty and persistent poverty are strongly associated with less stimulating home environments, 51 and parents living in poverty have children who are at risk for cognitive, academic, and social - emotional difficulties.52, 53 Finally, Hispanic and African American mothers are, on average, less likely to read to their children than White, non-Hispanic mothers; 54 and Spanish - speaking Hispanic families have fewer children's books available in the home as compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts.25 These racial and ethnic findings are likely explained by differences in family resources across groups, as minority status is often associated with various social - demographic risks.

The children who participated at all three test - sessions (N = 75) did not differ from those who did not (N = 45) on income level or family type, nor were there differences in distribution of attachment between the two groups (3 - way attachment to mother χ (2) 2 = 2.54, ns; 3 - way attachment to father χ (2) 2 = 1.22, ns).

No significant differences between groups of parents were found in most demographic variables (parents» age, level of education, place of residence, family income, child's age and gender).