Sentences with phrase «differences of air temperature»

Not exact matches

The Tibetan Plateau in China experiences the strongest monsoon system on Earth, with powerful winds — and accompanying intense rains in the summer months — caused by a complex system of global air circulation patterns and differences in surface temperatures between land and oceans.

«Imagine the difference between the temperature of the sand and the air at the beach on a hot, summer day,» said David Mildrexler, the lead author who received his Ph.D. from the College of Forestry at Oregon State last June.

«We found that development differences were due to moisture interacting with temperature where increased water content of the sand resulted in temperatures that were 2 to 3 degrees Celsius lower than air temperatures,» said Wyneken.

The more intensive variations during glacial periods are due to the greater difference in temperature between the ice - covered polar regions and the Tropics, which produced a more dynamic exchange of warm and cold air masses.

When using KAIST's TE generator (with a size of 10 cm x 10 cm) for a wearable wristband device, it will produce around 40 mW electric power based on the temperature difference of 31 °F between human skin and the surrounding air.

This in turn reduces the temperature difference between the Arctic and, for example, Europe, yet temperature differences are a main driver of air flow.

The summer weather in the UK and northwest Europe is influenced by the position and strength of the Atlantic jet stream — a ribbon of very strong winds which are caused by the temperature difference between tropical and polar air masses.

Travelling between the stars for a hundred light years or so, we would find ourselves moving between regions where the density of gas changes a millionfold — more extreme than the difference between air and water — and with changes in temperature from just a few degrees above absolute zero to over a million degrees.

However, comparing the results of the climate simulations for the most recent interglacial with scenario calculations for the future reveals substantial differences: thanks to the more intense solar radiation, back then the air temperatures at higher latitudes were also a few degrees higher than at present.

To remove this difference in magnitude and focus instead on the patterns of change, the authors scaled the vertical profiles of ocean temperature (area - weighted with respect to each vertical ocean layer) with the global surface air temperature trend of each period.

There are some various proposed mechanisms to explain this that involve the surface energy balance (e.g., less coupling between the ground temperature and lower air temperature over land because of less potential for evaporation), and also lapse rate differences over ocean and land (see Joshi et al 2008, Climate Dynamics), as well as vegetation or cloud changes.

The difference between ocean and air temperature also tends to create heavy morning fog during the summer months, known as the marine layer, driven by an onshore wind created by the local high pressure sunny portions of the Salinas Valley, which extend north and south from Salinas and the Bay.

The marine layer clouds of a June Gloom day usually are at their maximum at dawn, when the surface air is at a minimum temperature and the temperature difference in the inversion layer is at its maximum.

A sea breeze, which is caused by the temperature and pressure difference between warm areas inland and the cool air over the ocean, often develops on warm summer days as well, increasing the on - shore flow pattern and maintaining a constant flow of marine stratus clouds onto the coastal areas.

Purely physical processes like wind - driven mixing can increase the uptake of CO2 by the oceans, but biological processes also play an important role, as does the temperature difference between the air and the water:

You claim that earth absorb 240W / m ^ 2, and the difference to what is observed surface emission of 390W / m ^ 2 is explained by saying that the amount of energy increase from the presence of damp, cold air at -18 C mean temperature.

is intended to give the impression that air temperature can make no difference, whereas we have seen that the results of [Moelg and Hardy, 2004] are compatible with several ways in which air temperature can affect ablation.

The significant difference between the observed decrease of the CO2 sink estimated by the inversion (0.03 PgC / y per decade) and the expected increase due solely to rising atmospheric CO2 -LRB--0.05 PgC / y per decade) indicates that there has been a relative weakening of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink (0.08 PgC / y per decade) due to changes in other atmospheric forcing (winds, surface air temperature, and water fluxes).

There is a difference between peaks and valleys in noisy processes (1998 surface air temperature, 2007 record minimum ice, or shipping at a few small areas on the edges of the Arctic ocean) and CO2 forcing driven trends, especially when different measures.

It's true that there are aspects of the vertical distribution of radiative cooling that can't be controlled by adjusting the air - sea temperature difference, but I haven't seen it demonstrated that these are crucial.

Given this, it is quite clear that any reduction in the efficiency of upward radiation (by, say, reflecting it right back down again), will have to be compensated for by increasing the air / sea (skin) temperature difference, hence having a warmer subsurface temperature.

The argument isn't actually as firm a constraint as generally believed, since the infrared radiative cooling of the atmosphere is affected by the temperature difference between air and the underlying surface, which can adjust to accommodate any amount of evaporation Nature wants to dump into the atmosphere (as shown in Pierrehumbert 1999 («Subtropical water vapor...» available here)-RRB-.

The model includes all the meteorological parameters necessary to provide meaningful information for electromagnetic waves propagating through the atmosphere, and shows that a temperature difference of up to 4 / spl deg / C can be produced depending on the moisture content of the surrounding air.

14 OCEAN CURRENTS Cold and warm streams of water move through oceans (based on earth's rotation, differences in water temperature, and change in air pressure.

So you are correct that the cause of the difference is the difference between firn temperature and the surface air temperature.

The house also uses day to night temperature differences and basement cooled air as part of the cooling strategy.

So now we have surface temps of 160 F [71 C] and air temperature normal cooler by +20 C. Without an increase in atmospheric pressure, and with higher surface temperature one would see a larger difference in surface temperature between the surface and air temperature.

One hypothesis suggests that the shrinking temperature difference between the Arctic and the mid-latitudes will lead to a slowing of the jet stream, which circles the northern latitudes and normally keeps frigid polar air sharply separated from warmer air in the south.

Since 1950, it has been found that the global diurnal temperature range (DTR), the difference between the minimum temperature (Tmin) and the maximum temperature (Tmax) of daily surface air temperature, has been temporally decreasing in several places all over the world.

If the HADSST2 or 3 where very accurate and we had an accurate air temperature record for the oceans, the difference between the two would provide an accurate indication of the ocean energy imbalance.

This is based on Schurer's 5th - 95th percentile range of current warming relative to the late - 1800s, using the Cowtan and Way temperature record corrected for the difference between sea surface temperature and surface air temperature warming rates.

Heat flows across differences in temperatures, yet the winter water temperature under the ice is fixed at -2 C. Thus elevated winter air temperatures should actually cause a reduction in heat flow out of the ocean.

Based on the temperature difference, it is possible to compute how high it should rise before the rising air reduces its temperature (through adiabatic expansion) to that of the surrounding air.

Alex Rawls: «I can't begin to fathom how there could be decadal persistence of inland - coastal temperature differences when the air circulates in days.

«From a temperature comfort point of view, we're really happy, but we're more interested in whether the heat recovery ventilation units actually provide the level of fresh air comfort, and whether people notice the difference.»

Personally, I can't begin to fathom how there could be decadal persistence of inland - coastal temperature differences when the air circulates in days.

The panel was asked to assess whether these apparently conflicting surface and upper air temperature trends lie within the range of uncertainty inherent in the measurements and, if they are judged to lie outside that range, to identify the most probable reason (s) for the differences.

Doubling the CO2 concentration inside a tiny packet of air will make a negligible difference to the temperature of the whole atmosphere.

Its convective strength — the boiling motion of air rising from the ocean surface to the atmosphere — depends on the temperature difference between the surface ocean and the upper atmosphere.

Not that I have any data to the contrary of course, but on the theory that hotter air over time might cause the rural ground - air temperature difference to increase at T - min times and thus cause a greater inversion effect over time.

They actually say something different:» For example, most mid-latitude studies show that the heat island intensity (the difference between the temperature of the warmest location in the city and the background rural value) of the near surface air layer reaches its maximum a few hours after sunset on calm.

Over ocean stretches with a positive SST anomaly air convection is higher (as the temperature difference between the warm sea surface and the cool air higher up in the troposphere is greater), so a higher likelihood for the formation of depressions exists and more precipitation is to be expected.

And since the temperature difference between the Arctic and the tropics is narrowing, and since it's the temperature difference that drives wind and ocean currents, then the jet stream that normally whizzes around the Arctic circle — thus keeping frozen air in one place and separating it from the warm breezes of the south — is, the theory goes, slowing, thus allowing warm moist air to penetrate into the north.

Personally, I don't think the difference between turbulent and laminar flow is all that significant for this issue: In either case, you're going to be mixing air of one temperature («outside») with air of another («inside»).

He says to take examples from real world, (as he's done with the example of packets of air rising which is already well known and which is what gives us our weather), but on a non-rotating Earth it's the difference of temperature provided by the Sun between the equator and the poles which sets up the basic pattern of packets of air on the move (which is wind, wind is volumes of air on the move) from the equator to the poles where they cool and are drawn back to the equator where the heating cycle begins again.

«Causes of differences in model and satellite tropospheric warming rates» «Comparing tropospheric warming in climate models and satellite data» «Robust comparison of climate models with observations using blended land air and ocean sea surface temperatures» «Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends» «Reconciling warming trends» «Natural variability, radiative forcing and climate response in the recent hiatus reconciled» «Reconciling controversies about the «global warming hiatus»»

But the rate at which the ocean can transfer heat to the atmosphere is far slower, governed by the difference in air and water temperature (which at the surface are often not much different), and combined convective and conductive heat transfer coefficients of water to air.

Despite the many unresolved issues touched on in this chapter and discussed in more detail in chapters 5 — 9, the progress that has been achieved over the past few years provides a basis for drawing some tentative conclusions concerning the nature of the observed differences between surface and upper air temperature trends, and their implications for the detection and attribution of global climate change.break

When I lived with my parents in New Mexico from 1956 to 1962, I learned that we cooled our house in the summer by adding heat energy brought in from outside, i.e., I figured out the difference between heat energy and temperature by puzzling over the working of the evaporative air conditioner on the roof of our house.

An independent estimate of global - mean evaporation provides additional support, but critical assumptions on relative humidity and the air - sea temperature difference changes are made that do not have adequate observational basis and are inconsistent with climate models.»