Sentences with phrase «different cells and tissues»

Different cells and tissues use different pathways to make NAD.

Myriad control switches help to arbitrate how genes get expressed in different cells and tissues, and those switches are often triggered by maternal diet, toxic exposures and many other environmental factors.

While Dillin discovered the ability of mitochondria to communicate between different cells and tissues several years ago, the new study pinpoints serotonin as a primary driver of this metabolic response, he said.

DNA methylation is one form of epigenetic modification being studied by scientists trying to understand how the same genetic code can produce so many different cells and tissues as well as differences between individuals as closely related as twins.

Opioid receptors are part of the different systems of cell communication and are capable of regulating physiological processes that require a high degree of coordination and communication between the different cell and tissue types.

«Both [the] in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown striking anticancer effects... demonstrated that phytate is a broad - spectrum antineoplastic agent,» meaning antitumor agent across different cells and tissue systems.

Not exact matches

Knowing TH17 cells need to function in a variety of tissue environments throughout the body, Sundrud's team wondered if and how these cells might use different tools to behave normally in one environment — or tissue — than they'd use in another.

«The regulation of imprinted methylation results in these very consistent patterns in different tissues and even in a cell - type dependent manner.

They looked at three different sets of lab - grown liposarcoma cells — a cancer of fat and connective tissues.

In the journal Biomaterials, the team reports culturing cells to make extracellular matrix (ECM) of two types and five different alignments with the strength found in natural tissue and without using any artificial chemicals that could make it incompatible to implant.

«It was particularly exciting to observe that the repair of the skin epidermis involves the activation of very different stem cells that react the same way to the emergency situation of the wound and have the power to completely restore the damaged tissue», comments Mariaceleste Aragona, the first author of the study.

Neural crest cells migrate to different parts of an embryo and give rise to several tissues including the bone and

An analysis of the HPV16 genome from 5,570 human cell and tissue samples revealed that the virus actually consists of thousands of unique genomes, such that infected women living in the same region often have different HPV16 sequences and variable risks to cancer.

Metastasis, the process that allows some cancer cells to break off from their tumor of origin and take root in a different tissue, is the most common reason people die from cancer.

The researchers have compared various processes involved in gene expression, such as gene transcription and chromatin modification, and have repeated this in different tissues and cell types from both humans and mice.

The body's tissue is full of small gaps in between the different proteins and cells that make it up.

«Our studies imply that the change of oxygen levels in different tissues can be sensed by Treg cells and that this process is critically important for maintaining the correct balance between activation and suppression of the immune system,» says Liu.

During embryonic development, undifferentiated stem cells accumulate methyl groups and other epigenetic marks that funnel them into one of the three germ layers, each of which gives rise to a different set of adult tissues.

Stem cells have the prized ability to divide and replenish themselves, as well as turn into different types of tissues.

From tissue and cell samples from five glioblastoma patients, the scientists obtained 33 individual cancer cells capable of reproduction, which grew into very different tumors in the lab.

In embryos, they guide differentiation from the single fertilized egg into all cells that form the different tissues and structures of the body.

The researchers isolated the milk ducts and purified the breast - tissue cells to create a cell culture, which was then tested for different gene regulation profiles.

However, two types of cells in the olfactory epithelium (specialized tissue responsible for sense of smell), are mixed together and form a mosaic pattern despite expressing different types of cadherins.

Some data suggest that the mechanisms for each CHI3L1 function - cell protection and tissue repair - involve different pathways and or receptors.

Part of the trouble is the ingredients: Subtle variations in tissue - culture chemicals and Matrigel, or in different stem cell lines and how they are grown first in 2 - D culture, can have a big impact on how the organoids turn out, Novitch says.

«Because the metabolites in cancer and normal cells are so different, we extract and analyze them with the MasSpec Pen to obtain a molecular fingerprint of the tissue.

But with humans, she is using iPS cells and has been working to develop the correct protocols to induce her stem cells to differentiate into different kinds of lung tissue.

Proteomics researchers in Sweden plan to release a database next week containing hundreds of thousands of images of where different proteins are located in human cells and tissues.

Adult stem cells: They have less flexibility and «stemness» to change into different cell types, but they can still produce new cells, specialized to become part of a particular organ or tissue, such as muscle cells or neural cells.

Recent advances in single - cell genomics technology has made it possible to separate individual cells from different tissues and organs, and measure the sets of RNA messages — called the transcriptome — which help give each cell its own identity.

The team worked on tissue from three patients with colorectal cancer, taking normal bowel stem cells and cells from four different areas of the tumours.

Isolated and grown from the patients» fat, these specialized cells have the potential to develop into several different types of tissue.

Cells have characteristic sizes in different organisms and in different tissues in the same organism.

As «immature» somatic cells, stem cells can mature into different types of cells, thus making them responsible for the development of all the tissues and organs in the body.

«Understanding how the drug also enables crosstalk between fat cells and the liver in obese mice allows us to see more of the amlexanox picture — and also sheds light on communication between different tissues in the body.»

The researchers solved this problem by developing markers to label the cells of interest and then testing different enzymes and other reagents to draw them out of tissues.

Professor Alvaro Mata, from Queen Mary's School of Engineering and Materials Science, said: «The technique opens the possibility to design and create biological scenarios like complex and specific cell environments, which can be used in different fields such as tissue engineering by creating constructs that resemble tissues or in vitro models that can be used to test drugs in a more efficient manner.»

«Our group pioneered the development of cell culture technology for harvesting large numbers of stem cells from human bone marrow and human umbilical cord blood,» Dr. Yeh said, noting that stem cells from these two sources are abundant and can be guided into different types of cells using tissue engineering.

The analysis of different tissues demonstrated MOCOS expression in the brain cells and intestine of several species, and notably the C. elegans worm and mammals.

Working with the brains of six normal children and seven autistic children ages 2 to 16, most of whom died of drowning, Courchesne has studied neurons under the microscope and even counted the number of neural cells in different tissue samples.

So, at the dawn of our universe — and I have to emphasize our universe, because there could be others — so, dawn of our universe, physicists think there was one type of force, one type of matter and that as the cosmos expanded, as space expanded, it cooled and things started to condense out like snow flakes, and over time that single force broke, it differentiated; and something similar happens in the human body as we develop from a single cell; we differentiate, different tissues form in our bodies, different layers of tissues.

«Our work outlines the genetic similarities of the tissue and cells in different types of tumors and shows the strong relationships mice can have to other human cancers too.»

Using tissue culture models of cartilage and the meniscus, Levenston's team stresses the cells and tissues and studies what happens to them structurally and biochemically — for example, whether different genes are expressed, whether metabolism changes, or whether different types of cartilage cells respond differently to the same stress.

BODY MAP Researchers mapped chemical tags on DNA in 111 different tissues and cells (including those pictured here).

«The cancer stem cells actively regrow and respond to the induced damage or apoptosis (cell death) caused by chemotherapy in between the different cycles, similar to how normal tissue stem cells respond to wound - induced damages.»

These are organized in germ layers and are thus the origin of different tissue types, including the pancreas and its insulin - producing beta cells.

Sheltzer's team proposes that these cells rapidly evolved to acquire different mutations that would confer a survival benefit — perhaps enabling them to grow in new environments, just as cancer cells that become metastatic evolve so as to be able to detach from their tissue of origin and grow at different sites in the body.

A study in rats published August 25 in Cell Reports suggests that a different approach that targets delta opioid receptors on sensory neurons in peripheral tissues might avoid the side effects and high abuse potential of currently available pain relievers.

The researchers harvested satellite cells from both healthy and injured muscle tissue of young mice and from healthy tissue of old mice; extracted these cells» DNA with the histone coatings intact; and used tagged antibodies targeting the different kinds of marks to find which spots on those histones were flagged with either «stop» or «go» signals.

From these three cell populations different functional tissue cells arise, such as skin cells, muscle cells, and specific organ cells.