This latest study is one of only a few well - documented examples of what evolutionary biologists call «character displacement,» in which similar species competing with each other evolve differences to take advantage
of different ecological niches.
The evolutionary history of the diapsid lineage is quite complex; diapsids evolved into many shapes, occupying
many different ecological niches since they first came onto the scene in the late Carboniferous Period (roughly 350 million years ago), when they were represented by the earliest diapsid, the tiny lizardlike Petrolacosaurus.
Axel Meyer at the University of Konstanz in Germany and his team say the fat - lipped fish occupy
a different ecological niche from their thin - lipped cousins, despite living in the same lake, which fills a volcanic crater (BMC Biology, vol 8, p 60).
«This is possibly one of the best examples of ecological speciation, that is the process by which selection generates new species, in the marine environment because the species evolved by adapting to
different ecological niches, rather than by being separated by geographic barriers for a very long time,» says Paolo Momigliano, post-doctoral researcher from the Ecological Genetics Research Unit.
One of the two competitors will always have an ever so slight advantage over the other that leads to extinction of the second competitor in the long run (in a hypothetical non-evolving system) or (in the real world) to an evolutionary shift of the inferior competitor towards
a different ecological niche.
Across the large lakes of this region, the hybrid population then diversified in a process known as «adaptive radiation» (evolution of multiple new species adapted to
different ecological niches).
The different ecological niches created by geological forces are key to Costa Rica's incredible biodiversity.