Sentences with phrase «different gene sequences»

Not exact matches

The goal is to identify the genes necessary to install C4 photosynthesis in rice through different approaches, including genomic and transcriptional sequence comparisons and mutant screening.

In fact, the MESA researchers had included 46 different variants of the gene in their sequencing database.

Bernard Friedenson, associate professor of biochemistry and molecular genetics at UIC, looked at the DNA sequences of breast cancers from 21 different women and found mutations in genes involved in immunity in every one of them.

I remember looking at the report and realizing that there were all of these similar genes in all of these different animals and thinking: «Maybe a careful reading of the papers associated with the sequences most similar to mine will tell me something about my own gene.»

In this standard view, the genetic differences between any two individuals are due to slight differences in the sequence of their genes that mean that the genes «spell out» slightly different proteins.

A Canadian project called FORGE (finding of rare disease genes) aims to sequence children and families with 200 different disorders this year.

The two proteins have different biochemical properties and recognize different DNA sequences, so these properties create more options for gene - editing,» said Dr. Olson, who holds the Pogue Distinguished Chair in Research on Cardiac Birth Defects, the Robert A. Welch Distinguished Chair in Science, and the Annie and Willie Nelson Professorship in Stem Cell Research.

However, when the sequence of that genome emerged it appeared that the scientists were seeing double — the organism seemed to have two very different versions of many of its genes.

The pilot project tested a dozen or so of the most commonly used gene promoters (regions of DNA that facilitate gene transcription) and segments of DNA that encode ribosome - binding sites (sequences of messenger RNA that control protein translation) to determine whether they behave consistently in different cellular contexts.

Collaboratively, the research team sequenced the DNA that encodes the genes as well as the RNA from the insect at different developmental stages, to identify when different genes are expressed and in which tissues and organs.

Molecular geneticists dream of having a similarly comprehensive view of networks that control genes: For example, they would like to identify rules explaining how a single DNA sequence can express different proteins, or varying amounts of protein, in different circumstances (see p. 80).

By comparing proteomic and RNA - sequencing data from people on different exercise programs, the researchers found evidence that exercise encourages the cell to make more RNA copies of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins and proteins responsible for muscle growth.

Because the genome for Dictyostelium has been sequenced, researchers are already deeply immersed in teasing apart different genes and traits that might help explain the differences between farmers and nonfarmers and how the symbiosis might have evolved in the first place.

The researchers carried out fine - scale mapping, looking for parts of the DNA sequence that were specifically different in butterflies with different patterns, in three different Heliconius species, and in each case the cortex gene was found to be responsible for this adaptation in their patterning.

To his surprise, Lo found four different MLV - related gene sequences in 32 of the 37 patient samples.

They sequenced pythons in these three states and identified 1,700 genes that were significantly different pre - and post-feeding.

People with different DNA sequences in the gene producing the OR7D4 receptor respond differently to this smell — some people find it foul, some sweet, and others can not smell it at all.

Like Wray, the scientists estimated the genes» rate of evolution by comparing their DNA sequences in two different species, a technique calibrated to the date when the two species are known to have diverged.

All the plant groups the researchers examined, except liverworts, contained at least one of three distinct introns — useless chunks of DNA located inside the coding sequence of a gene — in two different genes.

The BBSRC - funded ARK - Genomics facility — which is part of Edinburgh Genomics at the University of Edinburgh — provided a substantial body of sequence data, including information on which genes are expressed in a spectrum of 40 different tissues.

Different versions of genes can vary at single points in their sequence, and these variations are called SNPs.

Both Antarctic and Arctic fish carry antifreeze proteins in their blood, but the genes that code for them not only differ in sequence but arose at different times, since the North Atlantic froze only 2.5 million years ago and the Southern Ocean 10 to 14 million years ago.

Previous work had shown that two variations in the COX - 2 gene, with either a guanine (G) or a cytosine (C) molecule at a particular spot in the gene's DNA sequence, lead to different levels of COX - 2 protein.

They also showed that they could block up to five genes at once by delivering different RNA sequences.

Between different species, there are regions of the gene that vary in sequence.

The readability of genes is controlled by epigenetic factors, namely factors which do not influence the gene sequence directly, but rather cause certain genes and chromosomal segments to be packed in different densities — and thus make them accessible for reading.

As a result of having such a high concentration of movable gene sequences, different strains of corn are hugely different genetically — more than one would predict.

In the last four years scientists have cloned and sequenced many genes carrying defects that cause disease, including those responsible for Fragile X linked mental retardation, different forms of muscular dystrophy, and most recently Huntington's disease.

And when they sequenced Sputnik's genome, they found its small ring of DNA contained genes from three different viral families, including Mamavirus.

Surprisingly, they found that although the patterns of gene expression — as shown by the RNA sequencing — differed between the hepatocellular carcinomas and the liver cancers with biliary phenotype and depended on the histological type, the overall pattern of mutations in the cells was actually similar between the tumors — of either type — that had emerged in patients who had had infections with either hepatitis C or B, and were different in patients without such infections.

To do this, they incorporated the gene sequence of each receptor into cultured cells and then probed the cells to determine if they were activated by one or more of 25 different bitter - tasting chemicals.

GenProfile focuses on the systematic analysis of DNA sequence variation in biomedically relevant genes in order to identify those variants, or combinations of variants (gene profiles), that determine an individual's genetic risk for disease, predict individually different drug response, and ultimately pave the way to a personalized medicine.

Then they determine the sequence of as many of those genes as their grant money will allow — typically around a thousand, coming from a thousand bacterial cells — and use that information to estimate how many different kinds of bacteria are present in the sample.

Because genes on the Y chromosome often vary slightly in sequence — and even function — from the corresponding genes on the X, males could have slightly different patterns of gene expression throughout the body compared with females, due to not only their hormone levels, but also their entire Y chromosome.

If the gene sequences were very different, he would know they diverged a long time ago because they had evolved away from each other — simple, logical, objective.

By focusing on several of these mutations and screening through guide RNA variants with different mismatch combinations, they were able to identify specific guide RNAs that stimulated Cas9 activity towards the mutated gene sequences but left the normal counterpart untouched.

Natural gene sequences have been shaped in response to many different evolutionary pressures, but are rarely optimal for aspects of «biotechnological fitness,» such as maximized protein yield or optimal expression control.

They're continuing to sequence prostate tumors to learn how frequently different mutations occur, as well as studying which of the rearranged genes are actually driving cancer.

The transmission of different states of gene expression through multiple cell divisions and across generations has been termed «epigenetic,» since the underlying DNA sequence is identical in both states.

The case highlights concerns that a network of individual gene patents could threaten the future of personalized medicine and whole - genome sequencing by blocking companies and clinicians from reporting a patient's genetic risk factors for different diseases.

Analysis of the DNA and encoded amino acid sequences of A14 and B9 revealed that the first two are clonal variants which aligned most closely to the germ line denoted VHH Vg (T Verrips, unpublished data) and that the sequence of B21 is highly divergent from both and also aligns to a different germ line V gene sequence Vu.

Use existing GenBank sequences to compare cladograms of the same plants with different gene inputs.

Finding the genes responsible for the increased risk is not straightforward because small sequences of DNA can interact with completely different parts of the genome through a strange phenomenon known as «DNA looping».

Remember that a gene is a set of instructions, spelled using the chemical «letters» A, C, G and T. Each gene has a different sequence of letters, and cells use zinc - containing proteins to help control individual genes based on their specific sequence of letters.

Once the cells were color - coded, Cembrowski could work with the Quantitative Genomics team to get sequencing data and he found that the green and magenta cells» gene expression was strikingly different.

«We now have an immense amount of gene sequencing information for a number of different diseases,» said Krogan.

That's a gene with a slightly different DNA sequence — or genetic blueprint — from most others of its species.

They used a method to identify genes that are co-expressed with already known endothelial - enriched genes and analysed RNA sequencing data from 124 unprocessed tissue samples from 32 different organs.

With the sequence data in hand, the scientists were able to categorize the genes into three groups, each modified by different combinations of the two epigenetic markers.

Many million different users consult these databases each year, seeking information on anything from DNA sequences, protein structures, gene expression profiles, human genetic polymorphism or even comparative analyses of entire genomes.