When we talk about natural gas as a heating fuel, it has two
different heating values.
Not exact matches
«The biofeedback system successfully maintained a wide range of ETR
values in
different species, while it also is capable of distinguishing between conversion of light into
heat and damage to the photosynthetic machinery as causes for decreases in light use efficiency,» the authors said.
Dodge has four trim levels with
different features, for instance, the American
Value Package has 17 - inch steel wheels and
heated side mirrors.
Setting aside the effects of the deep ocean, etc, — ie just using a single unified reservoir's
heat capacity — and using only fast feedbacks (I didn't introduce any slow feedbacks anywhere in this particular series of comments), the expectation based on physics is that each delayed response T curve (each of which must correspond to a
different value of
heat capacity, for the same ECS) must have a maximum or minimum when it intersects the instantaneous response curve (my Teq
value)-- maximum if it was below Teq before, minimum if it was above — because it is always going toward Teq.
C is not constant for the dT» / dt equation to apply because
heat penetrates through
different parts of the climate system (
different depths of the ocean in particular) over
different time scales (also, if T» is supposed to be at some reference location or the global average at some vertical level, T» at other locations will vary; C will have to be an effective C
value, the
heat per unit change in the T» at the location (s) where T» occurs)
Actually, though, most of the OLR originates from below the tropopause (can get up around 18 km in the tropics, generally lower)-- with a majority of solar radiation absorbed at the surface, a crude approximation can be made that the area emitting to space is less than 2 * (20/6371) * 100 % ~ = 0.628 % more than the area
heated by the sun, so the OLR per unit area should be well within about 0.6 % of the
value calculated without the Earth's curvature (I'm guessing it would actually be closer to if not less than 0.3 %
different).
They actually say something
different:» For example, most mid-latitude studies show that the
heat island intensity (the difference between the temperature of the warmest location in the city and the background rural
value) of the near surface air layer reaches its maximum a few hours after sunset on calm.
We present an analysis to illustrate why temperature
values at specific levels will depend on wind speed, and with the same boundary layer
heat content change, trends in temperature should be expected to be
different at every height near the surface when the winds are light, as well as
different between light wind and stronger wind nights.
The table below will give you a general idea of the investment
value, based on average U.S. sunshine and
different backup water heater types (a backup heater is needed to
heat the water when the sun doesn't shine).
In principle, you do not need to specify how much the
different heat transport processes contribute to the temperature changes as long as you can find the total
value of h.
If the
heat transfer patterns were very
different for the Eemian it might not have much
value as a guide.
GWP is a
value used to compare
different greenhouse gases that trap
heat in the atmosphere.
The average around the equator of the eastward wind in the upper tropospheric layer of the idealized atmospheric model of Suarez and Duffy 1992, for several
different values of the strength of an imposed tropical
heat source.
As you point out, there are many
different combinations of
heat transfer processes and states of the atmosphere and surface that can provide that same
value of tropopause radiative fluxes.