Sentences with phrase «different numbers of cells»

Not exact matches

Embryos are different from mere cell cultures in a number of important ways.

«It turns out cells have a number of different ways to signal injury.

Eichenbaum cautioned that there are a limited number of brain cells involved in encoding memories that are reused in different ensembles.

Genomic rearrangement means that a large number of different T cell receptors are possible.

By creating fibrous hydrogels with different levels of crosslinks, the team was able to show that cells surrounded by matrices with fewer crosslinks were better able to draw in fibers and increase the number of focal adhesions around them.

In the latest study, the researchers hypothesize that the downregulation of these three genes reprograms the cells so that they return to an embryonic - like state, in which they have the potential to give rise to a number of different cell types.

The Duke researchers who made this discovery say it may help explain how a relatively small number of genes can create the dazzling array of different cell types found in human brains and the nervous systems in other animals.

Pre-clinical studies have shown it to be effective in eliminating a number of different kinds of cancers cells, including cancer stem cells from human breast cancer patient biopsies.

By comparing the numbers of nerve cells, or neurons, among eight species of carnivores (ferret, banded mongoose, raccoon, cat, dog, hyena, lion and brown bear), researchers now have a better understanding of how different - sized brains are built.

Antibodies derived from a type of immune cell found in unusually high numbers in HIV - infected individuals with chronically uncontrolled virus levels are less effective at neutralizing HIV than antibodies derived from a different type of immune cell more common in people without HIV, scientists report.

Plotting the total number of stem cell divisions over a lifetime against the lifetime risk of cancer in 31 different organs revealed a correlation.

Folate deficiency can result in several different complications — the most important of these are neural tube defects (such as spina bifida, an abnormality of the spine and spinal cord) in babies and anemia (in which the number and function of red blood cells is affected leading to an inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen).

The cells in such a brain tumor can display very different characteristics, such as varying cell size or number of cell nuclei.

By examining the brains of bees trained to different tasks, the researchers found that the number of connections between nerve cells may hold the answer to questions about individual cognitive differences.

The coming together of a number of different biological fields — stem cell biology, molecular genetics, and chemical engineering — will provide lots of new medical opportunities.

Different cancer cells might bear any number of variations that let them escape the drug's effects.

To answer these questions, the scientists went in a new direction: They performed infection trials in a large number of cell cultures at different temperature levels.

Shah next plans to rationally combine the toxin - secreting stem cells with a number of different therapeutic stem cells developed by his team to further enhance their positive results in mouse models of glioblastoma, the most common brain tumor in human adults.

The researchers discovered that female and male cells behave differently after the reprogramming process and that this is due to their different number of X chromosomes — two in female cells and one in male cells.

To create different cell types in the lab, stem cells must be coaxed down the road of determination — the branching paths that fetal cells normally travel to become neurons, skin cells, muscle cells, or any number of other cell types.

They found that the number of copies of lncRNA genes on a chromosome consistently change in 12 different cancer types and lncRNA genes are widely expressed in cancer cells.

It may also explain why primates are so good at facial recognition and how we can potentially distinguish among billions of different people without needing an equally massive number of face cells.

Ten years ago, convinced that bioelectricity plays an important role in development, Levin and his colleagues systematically altered the number of ion channels in cells in different parts of a frog embryo.

Bone marrow biopsies often produce limited numbers of tumor cells to test — as few as 50,000 tumor cells in this study — but for this technique that is enough to test many different drugs and drug combinations.

In addition, they also counted the numbers of various types of single - celled organisms called testate amoebae, whose population changes depending on the amount of water in the bog, giving an indication of how wet or dry the climate was during different periods.

7 Number of different sexes of Tetrahymena thermophila, a single - celled organism found in pond water.

Cell lines are therefore indispensable in medical research and a large number of cell lines exist that originate from many different tumor tyCell lines are therefore indispensable in medical research and a large number of cell lines exist that originate from many different tumor tycell lines exist that originate from many different tumor types.

The number of receptors for the neurotransmitter in the brain amounts to 14, occurring in different cell types.

While it is present on a number of different types of cells in the body, it is expressed at higher levels on metastatic tumour cells, including those which have spread from the lung.

«Our group pioneered the development of cell culture technology for harvesting large numbers of stem cells from human bone marrow and human umbilical cord blood,» Dr. Yeh said, noting that stem cells from these two sources are abundant and can be guided into different types of cells using tissue engineering.

Recent studies highlighted significant differences between these two types of stem cells, although only a limited number of cell lines of different origins were analyzed.

The researcher likens this step to a game of roulette, where the different types of cells can be thought of as the differently numbered slots in the roulette wheel that catch the ball.

Working with the brains of six normal children and seven autistic children ages 2 to 16, most of whom died of drowning, Courchesne has studied neurons under the microscope and even counted the number of neural cells in different tissue samples.

Introducing substances into the postsynaptic cell that block membrane fusion at a number of different steps reduced LTP.

Vastly different outcomes, but relatively few genes regulate the number of rounds of cell division in the nervous system before calling a halt.

«We have identified a number of pharmaceutical compounds that selectively inhibit — in different experimental models — the mitochondrial enzyme responsible for the tumour growth, thus limiting fat synthesis and without harming normal cells.»

A number of different cell types release these little sacs of proteins and genetic material into the body's fluids.

Analysis linking number of stem cell divisions to different cancer risks suggests most cancer cases can't be prevented

Taking samples from the back, belly, and side of the fossil skin, the team found different numbers of the three pigment cells at each location.

Nerve cells in the parietal lobe registered the lack of countable dots as a missing visual stimulus, without quantitative significance and therefore fundamentally different from numbers.

Current vaccines activate T cells and thus the CD40 receptor by using purified bacterial proteins attached to a number of different polysaccharides.

Earlier this year, scientists at University of California, Los Angeles, and Advanced Cell Technology of Marlborough, Massachusetts, reported in The Lancet about the safe and successful use of RPE cells derived from human embryonic stem cells, rather than iPS cells, to treat a different type of AMD in a limited number of human patients.

As the authors also observed in previous works, some aphids showed different chromosome numbers also comparing cells belonging to a same individual «forgetting» that chromosome instability within individuals should be typical of malignant cells and not of healthy insects showing a high reproductive rate.

One of the major impediments to obtaining a large number of endothelial cells from different tissues has been the inability to purify and propagate these cells in culture.

The selection strategy targeted cell populations expressing the inducible endothelial cell adhesion molecules, E-selectin and VCAM - 1, and proved successful in generating microvascular endothelial cell lines from a number of different organs.

However, efforts to examine the in vitro behavior of tumor cells with endothelial cells from different anatomical regions have been prohibited because, in large part, of the limited number of organ - derived endothelial cell lines available for study.

This murine model system offers a superior source of immortalized cell populations as many of the difficulties associated with the in vitro transfection process are eliminated (e.g., initial requirement for many cells, different sites of gene integration, multiple copy number; Ref.

A large number of different cells with various functions ensure that invading microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria can quickly be rendered innocuous and the entire organism stays healthy.

The discovery of NGF has also promoted an intensive search for other specific growth factors, leading to the isolation and characterization of a number of proteins with the ability to enhance the growth of different cell lines.

Efforts to promote a selective increase in the number of endothelial cells present in primary cultures by using different media preparations (MCDB - 131, D - Valine, etc.) were largely unsuccessful.