Sentences with phrase «different organs cells»

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Based on animal models, including a primate model, it is hypothesized that the cells remain unharmed in the digestive tract of the infant then enter the bloodstream, migrate to different organs, and there provide active immunity.54

Remarkably, given the complexity of the kidney, the cells differentiated into exactly those required in the different compartments of the organ.

«If ctenophores diverged first, these organ systems likely have been present in the common ancestor of all animals — and sponges and placozoans must subsequently have lost them — or complex traits like nerve cells and muscles must have emerged independently several times in different lineages,» Wörheide explains.

Although blood cells serve multiple roles in the body and have complex interactions with other cellular materials, most synthetic blood products have aimed to just stick to the bare basics — shuttling oxygen from the lungs to different vital organs and then bringing carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled.

Another challenge is producing stem - cell - derived tissues or organs that don't develop teratomas — tumors that contain a variety of tissues found in different organs — when transplanted.

By understanding how different cells age, Murphy says, researchers may one day not only extend reproduction, but also life span and organ function.

Plotting the total number of stem cell divisions over a lifetime against the lifetime risk of cancer in 31 different organs revealed a correlation.

One likely reason for this is that animals undergo cellular differentiation; human life begins as a single cell that differentiates into the various cell types needed for different organs, body parts, blood, the immune system, etc..

The Arabidopsis thaliana plant root, used in these studies, is a quite simple organ, in which cells with different functions are separated.

But dolphins, fish, and platypuses each evolved the receptor cells independently, from different organs unique to each lineage.

To understand this spread, the Penn researchers developed a mouse model that uses multiple fluorescent proteins to tag and track different pancreatic cancer cells as they enter the bloodstream and spread to distant organs.

Tumor cells associated with pancreatic cancer often behave like communities by working with each other to increase tumor spread and growth to different organs.

Adult stem cells: They have less flexibility and «stemness» to change into different cell types, but they can still produce new cells, specialized to become part of a particular organ or tissue, such as muscle cells or neural cells.

Recent advances in single - cell genomics technology has made it possible to separate individual cells from different tissues and organs, and measure the sets of RNA messages — called the transcriptome — which help give each cell its own identity.

Researchers have grown them from many different organs; they have also created organoids from tumor cells to mimic cancers.

Surprisingly, methamphetamine addicts» brains were about 10 percent larger than normal brains, apparently due to inflammation of the brain's white matter — the nerve cells that link the different thinking centers of the organ.

Stem cell populations reside in areas called niches deep within different types of organs.

As «immature» somatic cells, stem cells can mature into different types of cells, thus making them responsible for the development of all the tissues and organs in the body.

The way these cells organize themselves structurally in different organ systems helps them coordinate their amazingly diverse behaviors and functions, keeping the whole biological machine running smoothly.

«We generate a pattern of an organ that we want, creating a 3D hollowed - out structure, stick it on a piece of glass, then we can introduce a lot of different cell types,» Gillrie says.

He was particularly interested in creating the simplest of solid organs, a phallus, which has just two different kinds of cells to manage.

Stem cells are non-specialized cells found in different organs.

Today, at 56, Atala oversees 300 researchers and support personnel, including chemists, biologists and engineers divided into different teams working on cell therapy, a technology for what he calls partial transplants and the creation of new organs.

Moreover, these stem cell - derived cells released different amounts of hormone in response to known feedback signals generated by other organs in the body.

From these three cell populations different functional tissue cells arise, such as skin cells, muscle cells, and specific organ cells.

Earlier research has been limited to the study of certain organs or a handful of cells, and has therefore not been able to definitively demonstrate the presence of specificity in the system, whereby different cell types would have different functions.

Different types of tumors show a preference for specific organs and tissues; circulating breast cancer cells, for example, are likely to take root in bones, lungs, and the brain.

«Every organ is a complex machine built by many different cell types.

Cells in five different organs had died and other cells were expressing proteins associated with radiation respoCells in five different organs had died and other cells were expressing proteins associated with radiation respocells were expressing proteins associated with radiation responses.

To overcome these limitations, we used two - color flow cytometry to identify and select microvascular endothelial cells from primary cultures obtained from different organs of mice whose tissues harbor a temperature - sensitive SV40 large T antigen (H - 2Kb - tsA58 mice; ImmortoMice).

We capitalized on one of the innate responses of microvascular endothelial cells, i.e., the up - regulation of cell adhesion molecules in response to inflammatory agents, to generate endothelial cell lines from different organs.

The constitutive expression of these endothelial cell adhesion molecules was very similar for most of the lines derived from different organs, i.e., very low expression levels of E-selectin and VCAM - 1 and more pronounced expression of ICAM - 1.

The organization of these tissues let different cell types work together, to enable organs in the body to perform their functions.

The selection strategy targeted cell populations expressing the inducible endothelial cell adhesion molecules, E-selectin and VCAM - 1, and proved successful in generating microvascular endothelial cell lines from a number of different organs.

The study also shows that viral infection also causes major adaptations in the tumour cell, and that virus - positive tumours from widely different organs can therefore display considerable similarities.

However, efforts to examine the in vitro behavior of tumor cells with endothelial cells from different anatomical regions have been prohibited because, in large part, of the limited number of organ - derived endothelial cell lines available for study.

«All epithelial cells — and that's the cells that make up most of the organs in our bodies — can do this, so you could imagine that this type of local chamber could be forming transiently in many different parts of the body, whenever cells need to self - organise and communicate,» Gilmour says.

Efforts to study the molecular mechanisms that mediate these complex processes in different anatomical compartments have been impeded by difficulties in the isolation and propagation of endothelial cells from different organs.

«Our finding that tumor cells secrete these three distinct nanoparticles, that then target cells in different organs reflects this important aspect of the disease.»

There are two major issues here: the differentiation of cells into a range of different types, and the assembly of cells into tissues, organs, and, ultimately, an intact organism.

The immortalized endothelial cell lines established from H - 2Kb - tsA58 mice provide, for the first time, a cell culture system to examine factors regulating angiogenesis and tumor cell arrest in different organ systems.

In other studies, however, using cell lines either in vivo or in vitro suggest that the alpha2 beta1 integrin may serve to enhance metastasis to different organs.

Proteins are the essential building blocks of cells, making up the structure of different parts of the body as well as carrying out and regulating the functions of organs and tissues.

We can obtain iPS cells from an individual's skin or blood and program them into different tissue types to create patient - specific Organ - Chips.

First, most currently generated organoids mainly contain epithelial cells and are void of the many different cell types that are essential for the morphology and functionality of the whole organ.

The authors note that the formation of each different organ bud type may require some fine tuning to optimize tissue self - organization, and further addition of neural cell types may be necessary, but this research may soon provide exciting model systems for the study of basic biology and pathology as well as providing appropriate replacement tissues for the treatment of many patients with no other viable options.

Beverly Emerson studies how different genes are turned on and off through the course of a cancer — from the time cells become precancerous until the time they develop into a mature cancer and spread to new organs.

But if, as this study suggests, the way that cells become proliferative again is similar across many different organs, we can imagine therapies that interfere with cancer initiation in a more global way, regardless of where that cancer may appear in the body,» he explains.

The sorting out of cells with different identities and fates during animal development is an important process to organize functional tissues and organs.

By introducing organ - specific cells, researchers can emulate different organs, such as the lung, liver, intestine, or brain.