Using data generated from more than 3,000 skin samples from individual whales ranging from the South Atlantic to the Indian Oceans, the research team has uncovered previously unknown degrees of relatedness between
different whale populations.
Not exact matches
Laidre's team looked at what is known about marine mammal
populations that play a key role in Arctic ecosystems and human communities, focusing on polar bears, beluga
whales, narwhals, bowhead
whales, walrus, and six
different seal species.
Palumbi used two
different types of gene in the sampled
whale meat to derive his estimated pre-whaling
population estimate of between 500,000 and one million.
Overall, the study's data from mitochondrial DNA —
different from nuclear DNA in that it helps scientists trace maternal lineages — reveal that
population structure in humpback
whales is largely driven by female
whales that return annually to the same breeding grounds and by the early experience of calves that accompany their mothers on their first round - trip migration to the feeding grounds.
The occasional genetic interchange between
populations also seemed to correlate with feeding grounds with high densities of krill, places where
whales from
different populations are likely to move vast distances and come into contact with other
populations.
«Killer
whales have been thought of by some as something like the poster child» for the process, «because there are multiple genetically distinct
populations [which have not yet been formally described as separate species] with
different prey preferences in the North Pacific and Antarctic,» says Phillip Morin, a cetacean biologist at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center in San Diego, California, who was not involved in the new study.
The samples were then analyzed with a technique called polymerase chain reaction (PCR), used to amplify specific nuclear «microsatellites» for statistically measuring gene flow between the
different populations and subpopulations located in the western South Atlantic (Breeding Stock A) and the eastern South Atlantic and Indian Ocean
populations (Breeding Stocks B and C, and the Arabian Sea humpback
whale population, respectively).
The authors point out that the findings support previous observations of individual male
whales moving between
populations in
different ocean basins, and that subpopulations from both regions could share the same feeding ground in Antarctic waters.
When diving here, you can see eleven
different species of sharks, 479 species of fish, and large pelagics such as jacks, manta ray, tuna, and
whale sharks.It also has the highest
population density for white tip reef sharks!
The Sea of Cortez has more consistently large
populations of many
different whale species, including the endangered blue and fin
whales.
Because of the considerable scientific uncertainty over the numbers of
whales of
different species and in
different geographical stocks, the International
Whaling Commission decided in 1989 that it would be better not to give
whale population figures except for those species / stocks which have been assessed in some detail.