Important features of XMRV biology include (1) tropism for a variety of cell lines, including prostate cancer DU145 and LNCaP cells [27], [43], [48], and human neural cell types [57], (2) adaptations that promote growth in prostate epithelium and human - derived prostate cancer cell lines including an androgen
response element in the promoter region [58] and downregulation of APOBEC3G [59], and (3)
cellular effects with potential oncogenic properties including increased tumor aggressiveness mediated by downregulation of p27 [60] and
differential regulation of several microRNAs [61].