Sentences with phrase «differentiation markers of»

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The results showed that, when applied, a long - term inhibition of Rho - kinase signaling increased the expressions of chondrocyte - specific genes and differentiation markers in human chondrosarcoma 2/8 cells.

Expanding from their previous studies with mice, the researchers first established that under specific conditions, culturing human embryonic stem cells with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) leads to neural differentiation particular to the midbrain / hindbrain region — the location of the cerebellum — within three weeks, and the expression of markers for the cerebellar plate neuroepithelium — the part of the developing nervous system specific for the cerebellum — within five.

By contrast, the R206H ACVR1 mutant only slightly enhances the expression of initial and early chondrogenesis markers (collagen type II and aggrecan), consistent with a milder stimulatory effect of the FOP ACVR1 mutation on chondrocyte differentiation.

A short - term inhibition of Rho - kinase failed to induce extracellular matrix production in fibroblasts or in HCS - 2 / 8 cells, while its long - term exposure increased the expressions of chondrocyte - specific genes and differentiation markers, and also promoted the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by chondrocytic cells.

While expression levels of all marker genes remained almost unchanged in wild - type ACVR1 cultures compared with the empty viral vector, the expression profile induced by caACVR1 Q207D displayed evidence of advanced chondrogenic differentiation as shown by decreased levels of the early differentiation stage marker collagen type II together with enhanced expression of the later - stage markers Ihh and collagen type X. Indian hedgehog has been shown previously to be induced by BMP signaling transmitted via the ACVR1 receptor (9).

We will develop mathematical models to predict the pathways of differentiation from naive to memory and effector T - cell subsets based on the characterisation of surface marker expression, transcription factors and cytokines production at early and late time points after immunisation.

After 15 days, a subset of cells expressed regulators of RGC differentiation (Atoh7, Brn3b, and Islet1), while a smaller subset co-expressed Brn3b and the mature RGC marker Thy1, thus confirming a RGC identity.

Ihor Zahanich (Ravens, TUD)-- «Differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells: expression of molecular markers, ion channels and gap junction channels» (2006)

Pluripotent marker expression and differentiation of human second trimester mesenchymal stem cells.

MyoD is normally only expressed in skeletal muscle, and it was later found to be a transcription factor involved in the differentiation of muscle cells and also a very early marker of muscle cell fate commitment.

Both BMP and CNTF - induced astrocyte populations express GFAP (Fig. 1 A — C), AQP4 and S100β (Fig. 1 D), three widely used markers of astrocyte differentiation [17]--[22].

For definitive endoderm differentiation, spontaneously formed EBs on day 6 were plated onto matrigel - coated dishes and maintained in a low concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in combination with a high concentration of recombinant Activin A. Scale - like cells appeared (Figure 5A), which were positive for definitive endoderm markers such as Foxa2, Sox17 and Gata4.

«The observed increase in the ratio of cytotoxic CD4 T cells to CD4 helper T cells indicates that they are an important component of the protective immune response to viral infections and that their induction should be an important marker for successful vaccinations against certain viral diseases,» says postdoctoral researcher and first author Veena Patil, Ph.D. «But we really didn't know enough about their molecular profile and the mechanisms that drive their differentiation and maintenance.»

In addition, the expression of other germ cell markers, such as NANOS and PIWIL1 genes, was also up - regulated as the EB differentiation progressed.

Among the early germ cell markers examined, VASA is a candidate gene for detecting pre-meiotic germ cell differentiation from monkey ES cells, because its expression is detected earlier in the primordial stage of germ cell development in comparison to that of PIWI family genes in vivo in mice and humans [11], [36]--[38], [49].

Genetic studies using samples along the distribution range of both subspecies and based on a few dozen nuclear markers have revealed loci of relatively high divergence (0.3 — 1.2 %) between subspecies embedded in a genome otherwise characterized by low levels of differentiation and high levels of bidirectional gene flow [21], [24]--[26], likely facilitated by high effective population sizes, high dispersal, and a relatively short generation time [21], [24]--[26].

A combination of several germ cell markers will thus be necessary to detect germ cell differentiation from ES cells.

To explore the differentiation markers for detecting germ cells differentiated from ES cells, the expression of various germ cell marker genes was examined in tissues and ES cells of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

Here, ES cells transduced with HOXB4 were analyzed for the expression of hematopoietic markers after 26 days of differentiation.

We have previously reported that our 26 - d protocol closely recapitulates key stages of biliary development, starting with the differentiation of hPSCs into endoderm and subsequently into foregut progenitor (FP) cells, followed by the generation of hepatoblasts (HBs), cholangiocyte progenitors (CPs) expressing early biliary markers and mature CLCs displaying cholangiocyte functionality.

After 4 weeks of differentiation, the majority of the cells (> 60 %) expressed the postmitotic neuronal marker β - III tubulin with a subset (about 50 % of total neurons) additionally expressing TH, a marker for midbrain dopaminergic neurons (Fig. 3A — D).

Fluorescence - based assays Fluorescent markers such as EGFP, YFP, mCherry and mTomato or fluorescent biosensors can be used to measure a variety of real - time cell - based activities, including, intracellular transport, protein signaling, receptor desensitization, migration, division, apoptosis, metabolism, differentiation, chemotaxis, transcription and translation.