However, ethical and safety limitations make
it difficult for such studies to be carried out on a wide scale.
Not exact matches
As far as whether or not there's been empirical evidence demonstrating this, not to my knowledge, I think it would be
difficult to construct
such a
study for a couple reasons.
It is a very desirable thing
for a physician to be thoroughly
studied in his art; and to be able to see the reason of his practice, and to resolve
such difficult controversies as are before him.
Chapter eleven includes
studies in
difficult intubations: tricks of the trade, including an algorithm
for such scenarios.
It may be
difficult to conduct
such a
study if it is unsafe
for midwives to contribute data.
A recent meta - analysis of 11
studies that investigated the association of bed - sharing and SIDS revealed a summary OR of 2.88 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.99 — 4.18) with bed - sharing.158 Furthermore, bed - sharing in an adult bed not designed
for infant safety exposes the infant to additional risks
for accidental injury and death,
such as suffocation, asphyxia, entrapment, falls, and strangulation.159, 160 Infants, particularly those in the first 3 months of life and those born prematurely and / or with low birth weight, are at highest risk, 161 possibly because immature motor skills and muscle strength make it
difficult to escape potential threats.158 In recent years, the concern among public health officials about bed - sharing has increased, because there have been increased reports of SUIDs occurring in high - risk sleep environments, particularly bed - sharing and / or sleeping on a couch or armchair.162, — , 165
It would have been
difficult to find an individual more qualified
for such a task, given the Ambassador's highly successful four decade long career in the foreign service and considering that he is a man whose (deceptively, given his mental acuity) long life has been spent both in the
study of international affairs and in the pursuit of the US's interests and values within the world.
Storms also a question mark The attribution
studies also looked into storms and rainfall extremes, but the complexity of atmospheric processes during
such events made it
difficult for scientists to decipher the role of climate change.
Such long - term, detailed
studies, however, are
difficult to execute given the need
for substantial follow - up times.
«It is
difficult to use climate models to
study hurricane activity, and so
studies such as ours, which produced a record of storms under different climate conditions, are important
for our understanding of future storm activity,» Denniston said.
This has made it
difficult for researchers to
study the drug,
such as its effects on depression, and whether it might help people with post-traumatic stress disorder.
But designing
such a massive research effort in the United States, which lacks a centralized health care system, can be
difficult and controversial; NIH recently scuttled and then revived a plan to
study 100,000 children,
for example.
Discouragingly, a new
study published in The Astrophysical Journal suggests that planets in orbit around red dwarfs may be subject to tremendously powerful and frequent solar flares, making it
difficult — if not impossible —
for life to emerge in
such systems.
Methods to enhance the reprogramming efficiency would significantly increase the feasibility of this approach, especially
for cell types which tend to be more
difficult to reprogram,
such as the primary adult human fibroblasts used in this
study.
If you have received a task to write persuasion essays on homeschooling it may be rather
difficult for you to cope with it if you have never tasted
such kind of an experience, as only those people who have ever tried to
study at home are really able to speculate at the subject.
Certainly the issue of how to construct a sample
for such a
study independently of the
study hypothesis (in other words to avoid selecting on the dependent variable» here) is
difficult, maybe insoluble.
Psychologists
studying climate communication make two additional (and related) points about why the warming - snow link is going to be exceedingly
difficult for much of the public to accept: 1) people's confirmation biases lead them to pay skewed attention to weather events, in
such a way as to confirm their preexisting beliefs about climate change (see p. 4 of this report); 2) people have mental models of «global warming» that tend to rule out wintry impacts.
The new estimate appears likely to be far more accurate since it is based on actual experience in Western Europe where similar efforts have been pursued
for a number of years and rates have increased rapidly where there has been extensive use of non-hydro «renewables,» and includes all the hidden costs
such as rebuilding the electric grid that are so
difficult to model using engineering
studies.
Though many modeling
studies have demonstrated the impact of deep water formation changes on the overturning circulation, the observational evidence
for such a linkage has been hard to come by
for two reasons: (1) Deep water formation is
difficult to quantify because the time and locale of production are highly variable from winter to winter, and (2) overturning circulation measures require observations that span the basin, which have been limited in space and time.
Many of the scales demonstrated weak psychometrics in at least one of the following ways: (a) lack of psychometric data [i.e., reliability and / or validity; e.g., HFQ, MASC, PBS, Social Adjustment Scale - Self - Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60)
for some subscales, which calls into question the utility of using these subscales in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e) lack of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «cases» of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f) lack of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a factor structure that lacks clarity across
studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the factor structure is often
difficult to assess in
studies of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability
for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents
such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion of somatic or physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting
studies of children with pediatric physical conditions because physical symptoms may be a feature of the condition rather than an indicator of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations with measures of social desirability, which is particularly problematic
for the self - related rating scales and
for child - report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsivity).
Identifying the signs of physical or emotional abuse is notoriously
difficult, with numerous
studies detailing rampant under - detection in the medical community — even among primary care physicians, who typically have more training and a deeper familiarity with patients.2
For birth registrars, the innate difficulty of detection is compounded by the hectic and eventful atmosphere surrounding a birth, making it an especially inopportune time to identify and broach
such a sensitive issue, especially if an abusive father is present.
The physical, psychological, and sexual consequences of FGM / C are well documented.2 One
such study from Saudi Arabia found that circumcised women had significantly lower levels of arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and overall sexual satisfaction as compared to those who had not been cut.3 Although I knew
such practices existed, it was still very
difficult for me not to break down crying during these conversations with Ethiopian men.