A study published in Cancer Research in March 2005 showed that ECGC inhibits the enzyme
dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) which cancer cells need in order to grow.
(2) Unlike natural folates, which are metabolized to THF in the mucosa of the small intestine, folic acid undergoes initial reduction and methylation in the liver, where conversion to the THF form requires
dihydrofolate reductase.
A network - based analysis found these genes were also coupled to that encoding
dihydrofolate reductase, changes to which underlie trimethoprim resistance.
Catalysis by
dihydrofolate reductase and other enzymes arises from electrostatic preorganization, not conformational motions.