Sentences with phrase «dilysine endoplasmic reticulum»

SV = Secretory vesicle; RER = Rough endoplasmic reticulum; BM = Basement membrane; MFG = Milk fat globule; CLD = Cytoplasmic lipid droplet; N = Nucleus; PC = Plasma cell; FDA = Fat - depleted adipocyte; TJ = Tight junction; GJ = Gap junction; D = Desmosome; ME = Myoepithelial cell.

Using a embroidery thread make french knots along the outer edge of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Eukaryotic - specific signal recognition particle and receptor components stabilize the ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum — targeting complex.

Protein trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus involves specific uptake into coat protein complex II (COPII)-- coated vesicles of secretory and of vesicle targeting (v - SNARE) proteins.

Regulation of Protein Secretion Through Controlled Aggregation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

When it reaches the brain, Zika virus infects neuronal stem cells, which will generate fewer neurons, and by inducing chronic stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, it promotes apoptosis, i.e. the early death of these neuronal cells.

A protein was engineered so that it accumulated as aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum.

They showed that ZIKV infection of cortical progenitors (stem cells for cortical neurons) controlling neurogenesis triggers a stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (where some of the cellular proteins and lipids are synthetized) in the embryonic brain, inducing signals in response to incorrect protein con - formation (referred to as «unfolded protein response»).

In the online issue of the journal Nature, the researchers report a new function of FAM134B in the constant renewal of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an important cell organelle.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is triggered not only by protein - folding problems, but also by fatty acids, explained Acosta - Alvear.

When improvising in the lab, she investigates vesicle formation at the endoplasmic reticulum.

Oligodendrocytes have mitochondria and an endoplasmic reticulum too.

Fat - induced stress and metabolic overload of the endoplasmic reticulum can alter its function, triggering chronic inflammation, which plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.

In this research, the scientists disturbed endoplasmic reticulum function by introducing saturated fatty acids into cells to induce lipotoxic stress.

Hypertension drug that protects cell from endoplasmic reticulum stress and preserves oligodendrocytes and myelin during inflammation

Though the UPR usually promotes healthy endoplasmic reticulum function, sustained UPR activation sometimes results in diseases such as atherosclerosis, the deposition of fatty plaques on artery walls, among other conditions.

The UPR is triggered when the normal functions of the endoplasmic reticulum — the cell's largest organelle in charge of making and folding proteins — are compromised.

Simmen suggests that it could be a yet - to - be-determined defect with the endoplasmic reticulum itself.

In separate experiments, when Rab32 rises in response to stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER, several things happen: The nerve cell fibers (both axons and the message - receiving dendrites) are shorter, mitochondria are bulkier than normal and their numbers spike.

«If we can find molecules that modulate membralin, or identify its role in the cellular protein disposal machinery known as the endoplasmic reticulum - associated degradation (ERAD) system, this may put the brakes on neurodegeneration.»

The researchers also examined BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines, and found that BRAF inhibition induced autophagy by way of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response.

The researchers found that when the cells were stressed, they quickly moved mRNAs from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol.

In the case of cells, one such bad consequence is the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cell's protein - making factory.

They then separated the cells into two groups — those containing mRNAs associated with ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum, and those containing mRNAs associated with free - floating ribosomes in the neighboring fluid - filled space known as the cytosol.

The translocon is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that has the dual ability to insert a newly synthesized polypeptide chain into a cell membrane or secrete it across a cell membrane.

By examining cell processes both in mice and in human cells, the researchers found out why: Re-esterification helps protect a key cell organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Autophagosomes arise from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-- a network of tubular membranes — and actin dynamics is key in their formation and movement.

An oligomer of the Sec61 trimeric complex is thought to form the protein - conducting channel for protein transport across the endoplasmic reticulum.

Moreover, a funnel - shaped pore in the Sec61 oligomer aligned with the exit of a tunnel traversing the large ribosomal subunit, strongly suggesting that both structures function together in the translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Part of the answer lies in quality control for newly - minted proteins, which takes place in the sub-cellular compartments of the «endoplasmic reticulum», or ER.

The problem with making blood stem cells proliferate outside the body is that the artificial growth gives rise to an accumulation of abnormal proteins in a part of the cell called the endoplasmic reticulum, ER.

An international group of researchers led by Professor Christoph Hess from the Department of Biomedicine at the University of Basel and University Hospital Basel have now found a structure that accounts for the rapid immunologic memory of particular immune cells (CD8 + memory T cells): these important memory cells form multiple connections between mitochondria — the powerhouses of cells — and the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of protein production.

Lead author Dr Chris Bakal, leader of the Dynamical Cell Systems Team at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, said: «The endoplasmic reticulum is the factory of our cells, creating the proteins and lipids needed for our cells to grow and proliferate.

«We have discovered the key role played by the TOR signalling pathway in driving the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum, and sending a cell's factories into overdrive.

Top: Fruit fly cells showing the endoplasmic reticulum (blue), nucleus (red) and tubulin (green).

Bottom: Human epithelial cells from breast tissue showing the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress (blue) which fills the entire cell structure.

A protein in the TOR signalling pathway, called SREBP, controls the flow of messages to the endoplasmic reticulum telling it to expand — and could allow cancer cells to produce enough proteins and lipids to fuel their non-stop growth.

This information flow may also be followed through the cell as it travels from the DNA in the nucleus, to the Cytoplasm, to the Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum, and finally to the Golgi Apparatus, which may package the final products for export outside the cell.

Scientists at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, identified a molecular trigger responsible for ratcheting up activity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-- the cellular factory that makes the building blocks cancer cells need to keep growing.

Their findings suggest that the protein plays a role in increasing stress on the endoplasmic reticulum, an organelle involved in transporting and processing materials within cells.

At the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the prion protein (PrP) can be synthesized in several topological forms.

Domains that contained dilysine endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signals bound the α -, β ′ -, and ϵ - COP subunits of coatomer, whereas other p24 domains bound the β -, γ -, and ζ - COP subunits and required a phenylalanine - containing motif.

Right: Aggregates (green) bind to endoplasmic reticulum (red).

The researchers focused on the mitochondria - associated membrane (MAM), which is a contacting site of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Transit of a CD8 - p24 chimera from the endoplasmic reticulum through the Golgi complex was slowed when the phenylalanine motif was mutated, suggesting that this motif may function as an anterograde transport signal.

It turns out that neuropathic pain is triggered when the body experiences endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a condition in which the production and transport of protein exceeds the cells» capacities, say researchers from the University of California, Davis.

When unfolded proteins amass, they stress the cell's endoplasmic reticulum.

After detecting a harmful buildup of unfolded proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum sends a signal to the nucleus that activates genes that work to fix the problem.

Responsible for this is a diffusion barrier in the endoplasmic reticulum (a channel system within the cell that is for example important for protein synthesis and transport).

Starting in the late 1980s, their labs revealed steps in how the endoplasmic reticulum, the cell's factory for processing secreted and membrane proteins, deals with proteins whose linear sequence of amino acids hasn't folded into a proper 3D shape.