The authors use a two -
dimensional atmospheric model to simulate the nitrate and ozone changes associated with the A.D. 1908 Tunguska event where a bolide airburst occurred over Siberia, Russia.
Not exact matches
With respect to solvers, in 1993, he developed the world's fastest ordinary differential equation solver in a three -
dimensional model for a given level of accuracy and applied it to
atmospheric chemistry.
The second is the
Model for OZone and Related chemical Tracers, or MOZART, a three - dimensional atmospheric chemical transport m
Model for OZone and Related chemical Tracers, or MOZART, a three -
dimensional atmospheric chemical transport
modelmodel.
Our estimate is based primarily on our review of a series of calculations with three -
dimensional models of the global
atmospheric circulation, which is summarized in Chapter 4.
OLR increases in the optically thinner bands would lead to
atmospheric warming in general, but this has to be accompanied by OLR decreases somewhere, such as in optically thicker bands (and always in the band where optical thickness was added, assuming positive lapse rates everywhere as is the case in a 1 -
dimensional equilibrium
model with zero solar heating above the tropopause, or at least not too much solar heating in some distributions), which will tend to cause cooling of upper levels.
We use a one -
dimensional radiative - convective
model for the
atmospheric thermal structure to compute the change in the surface temperature of the earth for large assumed increases in the trace gas concentrations; doubling the N2O, CH4, and NH3 concentrations is found to cause additive increases in the surface temperature of 0.7 °, 0.3 °, and 0.1 ° K, respectively.
Dr. Nehrkorn's 30 year research tenure at AER has included work on numerical weather prediction
models, data assimilation systems, humidity to cloud relationships, three
dimensional analysis of
atmospheric quantities and studies of the angular momentum budget of the atmosphere.
Most CM experiments based on RCPs will be driven by greenhouse gas concentrations (Hibbard et al. 2007).8 Furthermore, many Earth system
models do not contain a full
atmospheric chemistry
model, and thus require exogenous inputs of three -
dimensional distributions for reactive gases, oxidant fields, and aerosol loadings.
«Our climate simulations, using a simplified three -
dimensional climate
model to solve the fundamental equations for conservation of water,
atmospheric mass, energy, momentum and the ideal gas law, but stripped to basic radiative, convective and dynamical processes, finds upturns in climate sensitivity at the same forcings as found with a more complex global climate
model»
In a paper on the Energy & Environmental Science web site (17/7/12), meteorologist John Ten Hoeve and environmental engineer Mark Jacobson, both at Stanford University in California have calculated that, based on estimates of the radioactive nuclides released at Fukuhima, a three -
dimensional global
atmospheric model for radioactive fallout patterns and the linear no - threshold (LNT)
model for resultant cancers, there would be between 15 and 1100 linked cancer deaths, with their best estimate being 130 deaths.
Simpson began with a gray - body calculation, Simpson (1928a); very soon after he reported that this paper was worthless, for the spectral variation must be taken into account, Simpson (1928b); 2 -
dimensional model (mapping ten degree squares of latitude and longitude): Simpson (1929a); a pioneer in pointing to latitudinal transport of heat by
atmospheric eddies was Defant (1921); for other early energy budget climate
models taking latitude into account, not covered here, see Kutzbach (1996), pp. 354 - 59.
Our climate simulations, using a simplified three -
dimensional climate
model to solve the fundamental equations for conservation of water,
atmospheric mass, energy, momentum and the ideal gas law, but stripped to basic radiative, convective and dynamical processes, finds upturns in climate sensitivity at the same forcings as found with a more complex global climate
model [66].
We study climate sensitivity and feedback processes in three independent ways: (1) by using a three
dimensional (3 - D) global climate
model for experiments in which solar irradiance So is increased 2 percent or CO2 is doubled, (2) by using the CLIMAP climate boundary conditions to analyze the contributions of different physical processes to the cooling of the last ice age (18K years ago), and (3) by using estimated changes in global temperature and the abundance of
atmospheric greenhouse gases to deduce an empirical climate sensitivity for the period 1850 - 1980.
We next applied a one -
dimensional firn diffusion
model (24) to reconstruct GEM concentrations at all depths in the firn air from different
atmospheric histories.
Three -
dimensional (3D) planetary general circulation
models (GCMs) derived from the
models that we use to project 21st Century changes in Earth's climate can now be used to address outstanding questions about how Earth became and remained habitable despite wide swings in solar radiation,
atmospheric chemistry, and other climate forcings; whether these different eras of habitability manifest themselves in signals that might be detected from a great distance; whether and how planets such as Mars and Venus were habitable in the past; how common habitable exoplanets might be; and how we might best answer this question with future observations.
Currently, there are several EMICs in operation such as: two -
dimensional, zonally averaged ocean
models coupled to a simple
atmospheric module (e.g., Stocker et al., 1992; Marchal et al., 1998) or geostrophic two -
dimensional (e.g., Gallee et al., 1991) or statistical - dynamical (e.g., Petoukhov et al., 2000)
atmospheric modules; three -
dimensional models with a statistical - dynamical
atmospheric and oceanic modules (Petoukhov et al., 1998; Handorf et al., 1999); reduced - form comprehensive
models (e.g., Opsteegh et al., 1998) and those that involve an energy - moisture balance
model coupled to an OGCM and a sea - ice
model (e.g., Fanning and Weaver, 1996).
Consistent results are found using both a three -
dimensional ocean circulation
model coupled to an energy balance
atmospheric model and with a much simpler ocean box
model.