In Catherine Brahic's article on the oldest hand stencil yet discovered, dating from 40,000 years ago, Paul Pettitt speculates that early humans may have realised that they could represent three
dimensional objects using two dimensional outlines (11 October, p 10).
A breakthrough idea five years ago by former University at Buffalo student Zack Vader, then 19, has created a machine that prints three -
dimensional objects using liquid metal.
Not exact matches
The printers —
used industrially and also on a smaller scale to make digitally designed, three -
dimensional objects from plastic — have not been
used much for building.
Using high precision optics, a photo scanner (it looks a little like a drip coffee maker attached to a turntable) can create a three -
dimensional digital image of an
object placed inside it.
Since we routinely
use the framework of abstract three
dimensional geometry to describe, measure, predict and position real world
objects the distinction between the conceptual and the actual gets lost.
Consumer level 3D printers
use plastic to create three -
dimensional objects that you can design or even download from the Internet.
He generates three -
dimensional computer models of animals
using a micro-CT scanner, which works in a similar way to a medical CT scanner but is designed for investigating small
objects.
Japanese engineers have developed a new system of acoustic levitation,
using sound waves from four audio speakers to suspend solid
objects in three
dimensional space.
Once DAVID's manual scan is complete, the software
uses the calibration marks and the reflected laser light to calculate the three -
dimensional coordinates of the
object, and voila — you have yourself a quick and dirty 3 - D model.
The volume is the amount of space an
object fills in three -
dimensional space (which tells approximately how much a container, like a juice box, can hold), and the surface area is the total amount of area on the outer surface of the
object (which tells approximately how much material was
used to create the shape).
An infra - red camera captures the projected image of the grid and
uses this to generate a three -
dimensional map of the
object.
Among the results he has achieved are demonstrations of the quantum teleportation between material
objects, a quantum memory for light, an optical detection of radio waves
using a nanomechanical oscillator, a quantum optical interface with a one
dimensional atomic crystal, and measurement of motion not restricted by the Heisenberg uncertainty.
«[The teacher might
use] five to six different groups of
objects — one of them might be a set of LEGOs... and another might be a set of rocks found from outside, and another might be a set of two
dimensional geometric [shapes].
In food, additive manufacturing is
used to squeeze out food, layer by layer, into three -
dimensional objects.
The policies that were criticized were those that increased attention to academic outcomes at the expense of children's exploration, discovery, and play; methods that focused on large group activities and completion of one -
dimensional worksheets and workbooks in place of actual engagement with concrete
objects and naturally occurring experiences of the world; and directives that emphasized the
use of group - administered, computer - scored, multiple - choice achievement tests in order to determine a child's starting place in school rather than assessments that rely on active child engagement, teacher judgment, and clinical opinion.
The technique calls for
using a three -
dimensional sensor, such as Microsoft's Kinect device, to generate a cloud of data points for the real - life
object — your hand, for example.
Using the PlayStation Move controller as a flashlight the player casts two -
dimensional shadows across three -
dimensional objects to create a flowing plane for the Shadow character to walk across.
Combat takes place on three -
dimensional arenas, where several interactive elements can be found, such as walls, columns or statues - these
objects can be
used in combat.
As it was, the checklist for the three -
dimensional objects on view in 1960 at MoMA, three of which are included in the current show, were labeled as sculpture, and that was the term
used in the review published in Arts magazine.
Using this drawing as a schematic, she then re-constructs a three -
dimensional object from the two -
dimensional rendering.
«An Artisan creates
objects of three
dimensional craft, often to be
used functionally, but always with a high degree of artistry and quality craftsmanship,» the ACV explains.
Her low - tech approach to two and three -
dimensional work involves assemblage of simple items, found
objects and detritus, which she transforms
using paint, plaster, and fiberglass.
Each of these installations is loosely based on a classical landscape painting by the 17th - century artist Nicolas Poussin (1594 — 1665) created as three -
dimensional interpretations
using sets of pedestals and standing walls in varying dimensions to display
objects in meticulous arrangements.
It can easily be
used to make a copy of another three -
dimensional object, by applying soft plaster to the original to form a mould.
introduction Tilman has stated that his art has completely moved into the three -
dimensional realm, and that his
use of and response to architecture requires finding a balance between various environments and the
objects that he makes and situates in these environments.
The show comprised five sculptures each of which was made
using a similar process to his earlier works: images of classical and Modernist art
objects found on the Internet were rendered, via a computer, as basic three -
dimensional models.
The works negotiate a space between sculpture and drawing,
using three -
dimensional objects to create what, at certain distances, seems to be a two -
dimensional field.
Known for her commitment to process, Donovan has earned acclaim for her ability to discover the inherent physical characteristics of an
object and transform it into art.Extending upon the artist's core interest in investigating aggregative procedures
using a singular material, the recent series is comprised of wall - mounted framed works in various sizes that explore stratification as both a sculptural technique and a means to construct a two -
dimensional picture plane.
Like many artists of his generation, Taylor often
used commonplace
objects, such as broomsticks, coffee cans and hula hoops, to construct his three -
dimensional works.
The result of these endeavors was his corner projections, the artist's first significant works
using light as a medium to create the appearance of free - floating, three -
dimensional objects suspended in the corners of a room.
Return
uses three
dimensional sculptural
objects which revolve into and out of coherence.
Using unwanted
objects discarded on the streets and other pieces of trash, the street artist collated these things to make a series of collaged three -
dimensional street art pieces.
As Browne drew attention to the transfer of three -
dimensional objects to two -
dimensional planes
using bright shades of blocked color and the stylized treatment of his figural subjects, he explored his interest in the relationship between art and nature.
Aware of her work and its relationship to space and the spectator, Heilmann transformed her paintings into three -
dimensional objects by
using extra thick stretchers and painting the sides of the canvases.
In her work de la Cruz
uses the painting and its components as a sculptural
object rather than a two -
dimensional representation.
In these canvases, the artist
used gray to establish uniformity between flat surfaces and
dimensional objects, whether real or implied,
using everyday items such as a stretched canvas, a drawer, a ball, a newspaper, and a coat hanger.
His pop art style paintings
use white backgrounds to accentuate unusual drip patterns, overlapping color fields, and hidden
objects painted into the three -
dimensional frames.
This publication presents the work of Martin Dorbaum, Gero Gries, Yochiro Kawaguchi, Gerhard Mantz and Yves Netzhammer, all artists
use computer - aided, 3 - D applications to generate
objects which are then presented as two -
dimensional images.
Currently residing in his hometown of Atlanta, his recent work intends to explore the cognitive visual experience
using (but not limited to) a set of 0 -
dimensional points bound by 1 -
dimensional lines, combined to make 2 - d planes, organized into 3 - d forms, applied to
objects with the express purpose of creating a 4 -
dimensional relationship with the observer.
He started to create three -
dimensional «tableaux», large - scale installations for which he
used found
objects and everyday things such as TV sets, car parts, furniture, loudspeakers, and also plaster casts of various family members and friends.
Both Compositions (Cards) and Drawings (Pins) blur the lines between sculpture and drawing,
using three -
dimensional objects to create what, at certain distances, seems to be a two -
dimensional field.
For more than two decades, Jessica Stockholder has been fashioning a new language for sculpture and installation art, one that applies a painter's sense of form, pattern, texture and color to three
dimensional spaces through the
use of a staggering variety of media, from heavy duty construction material to mass - produced commercial products and even live horticulture.Her sculptural and architectural interventions spread themselves over the spaces they occupy; planes of vivid Technicolor hues abut precisely arranged and patterned
objects and assemblages of unlikely materials combine and bloom amidst the colorful chaos.
And while Hoffman and Frankenthaler might be known for abstract expressionism, Hodgkin for a more semi-abstraction related to making
objects instead of two -
dimensional works (painting into and around the frames), and Stockholder for her range of two -
dimensional and installation work, the fact remains that the finished work from these artists often reveals a trace, or truckload, of the process the artist
used to get there.
Our interest in Letha Wilson — on show thanks to San Francisco's Romer Young Gallery — has grown over the past several years from watching her skillfully cut, fold and paint otherwise banal photographs of nature, to her current
use of concrete which heavily transforms her photos into three -
dimensional objects.
Over in the Pratt Alumni Painters exhibit at the Pratt Manhattan Gallery, paint is morphing off the walls, particularly in Kris Scheifele's work where, through the
use of acetate, layers of paint were formed into three -
dimensional objects free of any canvas.
I wanted them to be domestic
objects, something eerie and uncanny in the family environment by
using lots of fibres — almost like pixels — to get this three -
dimensional plane.
Based on the analysis of a given space and on the
use and reuse of everyday
objects and shapes, Cevdet Erek «s work is above all a sonic and three
dimensional investigation about the structure of the so called «natural» and «human made» spaces and times, and the way we try to measure, organize and materialize these concepts.
Combined with the
use of three -
dimensional objects, and historical and contemporary influences, her work expresses the simultaneous co-existence of the past and the present, illusion and reality, and the physical and the spiritual.
For his third exhibition at the gallery, Lowe will present a minimal installation of two - and three -
dimensional works that
use the artist's personal vocabulary of images and
objects, as well as his characteristic ad hoc materialism.
Gabriele Beveridge (b. 1985) is a London - based artist who creates two -
dimensional and three -
dimensional collages and installations
using sun - faded images and a variety of natural and man - made
objects.