Sentences with phrase «direct emission measurements»

The study is the first to provide a global estimate of maritime shipping's total contribution to air particle pollution based on direct emission measurements.

The researchers took direct emissions measurements of 230 randomly selected, representative leaks from underground pipelines as well as at 229 metering and regulating stations where natural gas is measured and regulated from higher pressure pipelines to lower pressure distribution pipelines.

Tradable permits are linked to emitters, who have to be controlled administratively as direct emission measurement is hardly ever possible.

More comprehensive and current direct emissions measurements are needed from this regionally diverse and rapidly expanding energy sector.

Not exact matches

Measurements of the ablation - front trajectory and low - mode nonuniformity in direct - drive implosions using x-ray self - emission shadowgraphy

Direct measurements of methane emissions are not available for all sources of methane..

The study, published online today in Environmental Science & Technology, provides the most comprehensive set yet of direct measurements of emissions from the distribution system and, with a series of partner studies, is helping to determine the natural gas industry's contribution to U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and to global warming.

In late March, the Obama administration released guidance directing U.S. EPA to address methane emissions from the oil and gas industry, after a number of studies measuring emissions from the air, known as «top - down» measurements, showed that the agency's emissions estimates for the industry were too low (ClimateWire, March 31).

The work included data from a variety of sources, including national emissions inventories kept by the United Nations, global estimates of energy use and direct measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and involved dozens of authors from institutes around the world.

We obtained direct global measurements of the lunar surface using multispectral thermal emission mapping with the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment.

This work presents direct measurements of methane emissions from multiple sources at onshore natural gas production sites incorporating operational practices that have been adopted or become more prevalent since the 1990s.

A major call from our April 2011 paper was for direct measurements of methane emissions by independent scientists.

This report found that direct measurements of methane emissions from 190 onshore natural gas sites in the United States indicate that methane emissions from completed wells are are lower than commonly thought although the report also acknowledged that emissions from pneumatic controllers and other equipment associated with natural gas production facilities were higher than previously estimated.

Direct field measurements of N2O emissions are prohibitively costly, and the use of default values can not capture variation in emissions associated with weather conditions and site - specific factors.

One or more approaches for determining CO2 and other GHG emissions, e.g., direct measurement, mass balance, etc.;

It's true that if you discard all the data on paleo CO2 from ice cores, and you discard modern direct measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere, then you could assume the existence of a natural increase in atmospheric CO2 greater than the fossil fuel emissions.

The net rate of CH4 emissions is generally estimated from three approaches: (1) extrapolation from direct flux measurements and observations, (2) process - based modelling (bottom - up approach) and (3) inverse modelling that relies on spatially distributed, temporally continuous observations of concentration, and in some cases isotopic composition in the atmosphere (top - down approach).

Hottel gives CO2 emissivity direct from charts based on direct measurements of total emission.

Emissivities were evaluated experimentally based on direct measurement of total emission for a number of gases including CO2 and water vapour; these gases absorbed in certain regions of the IR spectrum and this was the data which was used.

A.D. 1700...» which are at variance with multiple direct CO2 ice core measurements from Greenland and Antarctica, and there wasn't significant anthropogenic industrial fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions at those dates.

«Satellites are not a thermometer in space, they're not making direct measurements of atmospheric temperature, they're measuring the microwave emissions from oxygen molecules,» Santer said.