Sentences with phrase «direct measurements»

The researchers acknowledge limitations of the study, including the reliance on food labels for fat content instead of direct measurement of fat content.

We know from direct measurement that there are atmospheric constituents that absorb thermal radiation.

The maps obtained were found to be consistent with direct measurements of water depth carried out in wells.

Currently, many observing systems capture elements of how climate is changing, such as direct measurements of atmospheric and ocean temperature.

The relatively small distances make direct measurements of their masses possible.

Similar evidence for sharply increasing temperatures over the past couple of centuries has turned up independently while looking at ice cores, tree rings and other proxies for direct measurements, from many locations.

While satellite measurements and climate models have detailed this recent ice loss, there are far fewer direct measurements of melt collected from the ice sheet itself.

This improved accuracy is especially clear for the sample period that starts in 1960, when direct measurements of greenhouse gas concentrations become available and temperature measures have better coverage and are more reliable.

Perhaps it's because direct measurements don't show what they want to see?

Similarly, direct measurements over the past century show that the oceans have warmed dramatically.

Direct measurement methods have been developed to determine the year - to - year mass balance, or «health,» of a glacier.

The unprecedented access to natural gas production facilities and equipment allowed researchers to acquire direct measurements of methane emissions.

Research on BMI calculations finds a strong correlation with other, more complicated direct measurements of body fat levels, including underwater weighing.

They provide the longest - running direct measurement of our star's activity.

For example, widespread direct measurements of surface temperature began around the middle of the 19th century.

While satellite measurements and climate models have detailed this recent ice loss, there are far fewer direct measurements of melt collected from the ice sheet itself.

Before the ice core record, direct measurements do not exist.

Direct measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere and in air trapped in ice show that atmospheric CO2 increased by about 40 % from 1800 to 2012.

The first direct measurements of total gaseous mercury (TGM, including GEM and divalent gaseous mercury species) were reported in the late 1970s during ship cruises across the Atlantic Ocean (7), but real - time atmospheric continuous monitoring at various European and Arctic locations was only initiated in the early 1990s (8).

Using direct measurements and computer models, oceanographer Scott Doney of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and his colleagues calculated that acid rain causes as much as 50 percent of the acidification of coastal waters, where the pH can be as low as 7.6.

This is the first time we've been able to quantify it from direct measurements in the oceans.»

Red line from direct measurements at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (NOAA).

In the first study of its kind, Berkeley Lab researcher Evan Mills co-authored an investigation of the aggregate global energy use of personal computers designed for gaming — including taking direct measurements using industry benchmarking tools — and found that gamers can achieve energy savings of more than 75 percent by changing some settings and swapping out some components, while also improving reliability and performance.

The researchers therefore looked at possible indicators of tumor burden, including direct measurements such as lactate dehydrogenase and the number or volume of metastases, or indirect evidence such as leaving the primary tumor in place or if the goal of treatment was palliation.

The force - clamp configuration in which our assay operates allows direct measurements of the load dependence of the lifetimes of single molecular bonds.

In a few years, Strominger says, once the worldwide network known as the Event Horizon Telescope comes online, astronomers can test those radiation estimates through direct measurements.

Methane escapes from natural gas wells even before fracking, according to new direct measurements from flying over in an airplane

Satellite data is not direct measurement of temperature, but since each satellite is measuring each spot of the Earth the same error would apply to the whole measurement.

Satellite and direct measurements now demonstrate that both the Greenland and Antarctic ice - sheets are losing mass and contributing to sea level rise at an increasing rate.

Speculation regarding past or future changes in solar radiation is based on what we can infer, indirectly, from past observations of solar activity — particularly bright faculae — since direct measurements of radiation exist for only the last fifteen years.

In the new device, a sensor in the tip of the catheter enables direct measurement of both the amount of contact force and the angle in which the force is being applied to the heart wall.

But direct measurements reported in Science (vol 300, p 1103) in May by Theodore Anderson of the University of Washington in Seattle show a much greater parasol effect.

But the new direct measurements yield a rate of 73.24 (± 1.74) km / sec / Mpc, an uncertainty of only 2.4 percent, and clearly incompatible with the Planck predictions, Filippenko said.

Guilloteau's team carried out the first ever direct measurements of the relatively large grains of dust in the Flying Saucer — measuring approximately one millimeter across — located around 15 billion kilometers from the star and found that they had settled to a low temperature of -447 degrees Fahrenheit -LRB--266 degrees Celsius)-- only 7 degrees above absolute zero and 15 degrees lower than what was expected, a huge discrepancy in the field of planetary formation models.

(Meaning direct measurement of the whole storm and not derived or small samples of data.)

The team estimate that the extent of warming in the southern hemisphere oceans since 1970 could be more than twice what has been inferred from the limited direct measurements we have for this region.

She says, «To improve the data, a close collaboration between the scientific measurement community and the oil and gas industry would be needed to make more direct measurements available from different parts of the world.»

Doing so stretched them to the limits of experimentation; the oldest direct measurements of CO2 (captured in tiny bubbles of air trapped within polar ice) stretch back only 800,000 years.