Sentences with phrase «direct victimization»

With regard to victimization, the results indicate that indirect victimization but not direct victimization is a risk factor for the development of emotional symptoms.

Reijntjes et al. -LRB-[2010], [2011]-RRB- did not, however, separate indirect and direct victimization in their analyses.

Although this is clearly consistent with the hypotheses, however, exactly the same pattern (against the hypotheses) was found with regard to the prediction of conduct problems — that is, indirect but not direct victimization was found to be a risk factor also for the development of conduct problems.

It has to be remembered here that the forms of direct victimization that were asked for in the present study referred to being the victim of hitting, kicking, stealing, and various forms of verbal abuse, whereas there were no questions about more severe forms of physical and sexual abuse.

To test the hypothesis of bidirectional specificity, there is a need to study also if indirect victimization is specifically (and reciprocally) associated with internalizing problems, whereas direct victimization is specifically (and reciprocally) associated with externalizing problems.

As to the nature of this specificity, scattered findings in several areas (referred to above) suggest that direct aggression and direct victimization tend to be associated with externalizing problems, whereas indirect aggression and indirect victimization tend to go together with internalizing problems — and that boys show more of the former (i.e., direct forms of aggression and victimization, as well as externalizing problems), whereas girls tend to show more of the latter (i.e., indirect forms of aggression and victimization, as well as internalizing problems).

[11] However, even multiple types of direct victimization within a single year are not uncommon.

Not exact matches

Girls indicated more frequent digital sexual coercion victimization, and girls and boys reported equal rates of digital monitoring and control, and digital direct aggression.

They were asked about direct victimisation (e.g., «been hit / beaten up» or «called bad / nasty names»); relational victimization (e.g., «had nasty lies / rumours spread about you»); and cyber-victimization (e.g., «had rumours spread about you online,» «had embarrassing pictures posted online without permission,» or «got threatening or aggressive emails, instant messages, text messages or tweets»).

«Parental involvement and direct supervision were both associated with fewer peer problems and less online victimization for teens, but neither of these factors correlated with the use of parental control apps,» said Arup Kumar Ghosh, a doctoral student in UCF's College of Engineering and Computer Science, who conducted this research as part of his dissertation.

Provide direct legal services to crime victims / survivors affected by fraud and / or identity theft, campus sexual assault, hate crimes, immigrant victims with meritorious immigration relief to address the range of civil legal issues that arise from the victimization

Provide direct legal services to crime victims / survivors across the state of Montana to address the range of civil legal issues that arise from the victimization.

Provide direct legal services to victims of labor and sex trafficking to address the range of civil legal issues that arise from their victimization, including, but not limited to, representation on applications for immigration relief and to recover civil damages arising from the trafficking

Provide direct legal services to immigrant victims with meritorious immigration relief and victims of affected by fraud and / or identity theft in order to address the range of civil legal issues that arise from the victimization

This position provides direct legal services to the target population - human trafficking survivors - to address the range of civil legal issues that arise from the victimization, etc..

Provide direct legal services to all categories of human trafficking survivors to address the range of civil legal issues that arise from the victimization

Provide direct legal services to human trafficking survivors and crime survivors affected by fraud and / or identity theft, campus sexual assault, hate crimes, immigrant victims with meritorious immigration relief to address the range of civil legal issues that arise from the victimization;

My style is one that is honest and direct with little room for excuse - making or victimization.

(Yamawaki, Ochoa - Shipp, Pulsipher, Harlos & Swindler, 2012) In males, the prominent effect of abuse direct or indirect victimization is hyper aggression; suggesting that boys who witness DV or who are somehow involved, are more likely than girl to identify with the aggressor thus eventually perpetuating the abuse on their spouse and / or child.

Also with regard to emotional problems the distinction between direct and indirect victimization seems to be equally meaningful as the corresponding distinction between direct and indirect aggression — more of emotional problems is associated specifically with more of indirect aggression towards others and more of indirect aggression from others.

To summarize, the present research addresses a number of questions about the specificity of direct and indirect aggression and victimization in their associations with various forms of psychological difficulties.

To summarize: although the differentiation between direct and indirect victimization has sometimes been questioned (e.g., Card and Hodges [2008]-RRB-, the results of the present research indicate that it is definitely empirically meaningful to distinguish between direct and indirect victimization.

Finally, in terms of reciprocal associations, and against the specificity hypothesis, both types of psychological difficulties (conduct problems and emotional symptoms) were found to be prospectively associated with the development of both direct and indirect victimization.

Thus, our results did not support a direct link between depression and victimization for either men or women.

Acts of both victimization and bullying [1, 2, 3] are found and have extensive parallels: each consists of negative actions that occur repeatedly and over a longer period of time, carried out by one or more individuals, with the intention of inflicting harm either by direct (verbal / physical attacks) or indirect action (exclusion from the group).

Results indicated that boys reported significantly more direct and indirect bullying behaviors than girls, and higher victimization.

We know little, however, about whether the same applies to direct and indirect victimization.

With regard to victimization, the present results show that direct and indirect forms of victimization are differently associated with gender and type of psychological difficulties, and that indirect victimization may be an important risk factor for the development of both internalizing and externalizing problems.

Although direct and indirect aggression, as well as direct and indirect victimization, showed very clear evidence of specificity in the correlational analyses, the picture of the prospective associations given by the longitudinal analyses is more complex.

It was therefore hypothesized that direct forms of aggression and victimization are associated primarily with externalizing problems and male gender, whereas indirect forms of aggression and victimization are associated primarily with internalizing problems and female gender, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

One main contribution of the present study is that it gives a more detailed picture than previous research of potentially important differences between direct and indirect aggression, and between direct and indirect victimization.

The main question is how direct and indirect forms of aggression and victimization are associated with these different kinds of problems in the development of young adolescents, both as antecedents and as consequences.

With regard to gender the distinction between direct and indirect victimization actually seems to be even more relevant than the distinction between direct and indirect aggression.

By the use of a prospective, longitudinal design, the present findings show that direct and indirect aggression, as well as direct and indirect victimization, may have different roles in the development of psychological problems in young adolescents.

The results corroborated the meaningfulness of differentiating not only between direct and indirect aggression but also between direct and indirect victimization.

Although both aggression and victimization in general have been shown to be risk factors for the development of psychological difficulties, we do not know if direct and indirect forms of aggression and victimization differ in the kind of psychological difficulties that they predict over time.

A second purpose of the present study was, therefore, to test whether direct and indirect aggression and victimization are risk factors for different types of psychological difficulties, and whether these associations differ by gender.

As childhood victimization became more severe, the relationship between childhood victimization and adult partner maltreatment became more direct.

Still, it is interesting that the indirect forms of victimization (including experiences of others speaking ill of you behind your back, spreading untrue or mean rumors about you, ignoring you or treating you «like thin air», and trying to make others dislike you), which could hardly be said to involve more serious forms of abuse than the direct forms of victimization that were asked about, turned out to predict the development of both emotional symptoms and conduct problems.

Although it is relatively well - documented that victimization in general shows bidirectional prospective associations with both externalizing and internalizing problems, we do not know whether direct and indirect victimization differ in this regard.

The findings suggested that the adolescents» self - esteem, loneliness, and sociometric status had a significant direct effect on peer relational victimization for boys, and adolescents» loneliness and sociometric status for girls.

Moreover, the question on developmental specificity can be widened to ask also if there are specific associations between various types of psychological difficulties and direct versus indirect forms of aggression and victimization.

To examine the unique relation of each form of aggression and victimization (e.g., direct aggression after controlling for indirect aggression, and indirect aggression after controlling for direct aggression) to the broad categories of psychological difficulties measured by the SDQ, we followed Card et al. -LRB-[2008]-RRB- in computing semipartial correlations (sr).

Feminist perspectives view victimization from an intimate partner as a direct cause of depression, especially among women victims.