It was
discrimination on the basis of family status in that breastfeeding stemmed from a woman's status as a parent with obligations and responsibilities with respect to the care and nourishment of her child.
Not exact matches
Article 11 (2)
In order to prevent discrimination against women on the grounds of marriage or maternity and to ensure their effective right to work, States Parties shall take appropriate measures: (a) To prohibit, subject to the imposition of sanctions, dismissal on the grounds of pregnancy or maternity leave and discrimination in dismissals on the basis of marital status; (b) To introduce maternity leave with pay or with comparable social benefits without loss of former employment, seniority or social allowances; (c) To encourage the provision of necessary supporting social services to enable parents to combine family obligations with work responsibilities and participation in public li
In order to prevent
discrimination against women
on the grounds
of marriage or maternity and to ensure their effective right to work, States Parties shall take appropriate measures: (a) To prohibit, subject to the imposition
of sanctions, dismissal
on the grounds
of pregnancy or maternity leave and
discrimination in dismissals on the basis of marital status; (b) To introduce maternity leave with pay or with comparable social benefits without loss of former employment, seniority or social allowances; (c) To encourage the provision of necessary supporting social services to enable parents to combine family obligations with work responsibilities and participation in public li
in dismissals
on the
basis of marital
status; (b) To introduce maternity leave with pay or with comparable social benefits without loss
of former employment, seniority or social allowances; (c) To encourage the provision
of necessary supporting social services to enable parents to combine
family obligations with work responsibilities and participation
in public li
in public life
In accordance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 («Title VI»), Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 («Title IX»), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 («Section 504»), Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 («ADA»), and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 («The Age Act»), applicants for admission and employment, students, parents, employees, sources of referral of applicants for admission and employment, and all unions or professional organizations holding collective bargaining or professional agreements with Capital City Public Charter School («Capital City») are hereby notified that Capital City Public Charter School does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, familial status, family responsibilities, political affiliation, source of income, or disability in admission or access to, or treatment or employment in, its programs and activitie
In accordance with Title VI
of the Civil Rights Act
of 1964 («Title VI»), Title IX
of the Education Amendments
of 1972 («Title IX»), Section 504
of the Rehabilitation Act
of 1973 («Section 504»), Title II
of the Americans with Disabilities Act
of 1990 («ADA»), and the Age
Discrimination Act
of 1975 («The Age Act»), applicants for admission and employment, students, parents, employees, sources
of referral
of applicants for admission and employment, and all unions or professional organizations holding collective bargaining or professional agreements with Capital City Public Charter School («Capital City») are hereby notified that Capital City Public Charter School does not discriminate
on the
basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital
status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, familial
status,
family responsibilities, political affiliation, source
of income, or disability
in admission or access to, or treatment or employment in, its programs and activitie
in admission or access to, or treatment or employment
in, its programs and activitie
in, its programs and activities.
Additionally,
in order to ensure that students and
families feel safe
on their campuses, the schools do not collect any information about the immigration
statuses of students, and have enacted policies prohibiting
discrimination on the
basis of race and national origin («Commitment to Students»).
In Ontario, the Human Rights Code protects the «right to equal treatment with respect to employment without
discrimination because
of race, ancestry, place
of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, record
of offences, marital
status,
family status or disability» and also protects against
discrimination based on the intersection
of multiple
of these grounds.
The Court concluded that
in order to establish prima facie
discrimination on the
basis of family status, a claimant must show:
In the context of family status, the Court of Appeal agreed with the lower court that «the childcare obligations arising in discrimination claim [s] based on family status must be one of substance and the complainant must have tried to reconcile family obligations with work obligations»
In the context
of family status, the Court
of Appeal agreed with the lower court that «the childcare obligations arising
in discrimination claim [s] based on family status must be one of substance and the complainant must have tried to reconcile family obligations with work obligations»
in discrimination claim [s]
based on family status must be one
of substance and the complainant must have tried to reconcile
family obligations with work obligations».
There are civil rights laws that limit this discretion
in the case, for example,
of discrimination based on race, or
family status.
In finding that the applicant had not been discriminated against
on the
basis of sex or
family status the Honourable Justice Johanne Trudel directed her attention to the four factors necessary to establish a prima facie case
of discrimination on the
basis of family status.
Here, and without adopting all
of its reasoning, I can find no error
in the Board's ultimate conclusion that Ms. Flatt was breastfeeding her child out
of a personal choice and that
discrimination on that
basis, if it was
discrimination, was
discrimination on the
basis of family status.
Specifically, the Tribunal held that the test for
discrimination was the same
in all cases and expressly rejected the
family status test set out by the Federal Court
of Appeal
in Johnstone, which it viewed as creating a higher standard for
family status claims than cases
based on other forms
of discrimination.
In light
of this decision, employers should be particularly careful not to take actions that could be interpreted as
discrimination based on family status, or else they may face costly awards against them.
There,
in upholding a Canadian Border Services Agency worker's claim
based on a work schedule that conflicted with her childcare obligations, the Federal Court
of Appeal determined that to establish
discrimination on a prima facie
basis on the ground
of family status in relation to childcare, it would be necessary for an individual to show that:
In examining the case law
on family status, the Tribunal took issue with the existence
of a different test for
family discrimination (the Johnstone test) than the test for
discrimination on the
basis of other protected grounds.
Notably,
in both cases, the Tribunal concluded the employee had not proven
discrimination on the
basis of family status.
While employees are not protected from general unfairness, where an employee believes that a negative decision was made,
in whole or
in part,
on the
basis of a «prohibited ground
of discrimination» (characteristics such as race, sex, sexual orientation, religious beliefs,
family status, criminal record, and social position), he or she may file a complaint.
But this — and potentially the test — changed
in 2017: two Ontario Human Rights Tribunal decisions, Misetich v. Value Village Stores Inc. and subsequently Ananda v. Humber College Institute
of Technology & Advanced Learning, dealt with that issue — and flat - out rejected the notion that the test for establishing
discrimination on the
basis of family status differs from the test
in the case
of any other protected ground for several reasons, including:
The Ontario Human Rights Code protects Ontarians from illegal
discrimination based on race, ancestry, place
of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, marital
status,
family status, disability or,
in some situations, the receipt
of public assistance.
The CNR argued that CHRT had erred
in finding that a case
of family status discrimination had been made out,
in finding that the CNR had not met its duty to accommodate, and
in awarding extra damages
based on CNR's reckless conduct.
Thus, Ms. Seeley's specific parental childcare obligations and CNR's response to her request for an extension to address possible options all resulted
in prima facie
discrimination on the
basis of family status (Seeley at para 95).
The General Assembly, Guided by the purposes and principles
of the Charter
of the United Nations, and good faith
in the fulfilment
of the obligations assumed by States
in accordance with the Charter, Affirming that indigenous peoples are equal to all other peoples, while recognizing the right
of all peoples to be different, to consider themselves different, and to be respected as such, Affirming also that all peoples contribute to the diversity and richness
of civilizations and cultures, which constitute the common heritage
of humankind, Affirming further that all doctrines, policies and practices
based on or advocating superiority
of peoples or individuals
on the
basis of national origin or racial, religious, ethnic or cultural differences are racist, scientifically false, legally invalid, morally condemnable and socially unjust, Reaffirming that indigenous peoples,
in the exercise
of their rights, should be free from
discrimination of any kind, Concerned that indigenous peoples have suffered from historic injustices as a result
of, inter alia, their colonization and dispossession
of their lands, territories and resources, thus preventing them from exercising,
in particular, their right to development
in accordance with their own needs and interests, Recognizing the urgent need to respect and promote the inherent rights
of indigenous peoples which derive from their political, economic and social structures and from their cultures, spiritual traditions, histories and philosophies, especially their rights to their lands, territories and resources, Recognizing also the urgent need to respect and promote the rights
of indigenous peoples affirmed
in treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements with States, Welcoming the fact that indigenous peoples are organizing themselves for political, economic, social and cultural enhancement and
in order to bring to an end all forms
of discrimination and oppression wherever they occur, Convinced that control by indigenous peoples over developments affecting them and their lands, territories and resources will enable them to maintain and strengthen their institutions, cultures and traditions, and to promote their development
in accordance with their aspirations and needs, Recognizing that respect for indigenous knowledge, cultures and traditional practices contributes to sustainable and equitable development and proper management
of the environment, Emphasizing the contribution
of the demilitarization
of the lands and territories
of indigenous peoples to peace, economic and social progress and development, understanding and friendly relations among nations and peoples
of the world, Recognizing
in particular the right
of indigenous
families and communities to retain shared responsibility for the upbringing, training, education and well - being
of their children, consistent with the rights
of the child, Considering that the rights affirmed
in treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements between States and indigenous peoples are,
in some situations, matters
of international concern, interest, responsibility and character, Considering also that treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements, and the relationship they represent, are the
basis for a strengthened partnership between indigenous peoples and States, Acknowledging that the Charter
of the United Nations, the International Covenant
on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2) and the International Covenant
on Civil and Political Rights, 2 as well as the Vienna Declaration and Programme
of Action, (3) affirm the fundamental importance
of the right to self - determination
of all peoples, by virtue
of which they freely determine their political
status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development, Bearing
in mind that nothing
in this Declaration may be used to deny any peoples their right to self - determination, exercised
in conformity with international law, Convinced that the recognition
of the rights
of indigenous peoples
in this Declaration will enhance harmonious and cooperative relations between the State and indigenous peoples,
based on principles
of justice, democracy, respect for human rights, non-
discrimination and good faith, Encouraging States to comply with and effectively implement all their obligations as they apply to indigenous peoples under international instruments,
in particular those related to human rights,
in consultation and cooperation with the peoples concerned,
The court found that the defendant's use
of «no children»
in its rules constituted a per se violation
of the Act's prohibition
on discrimination based on family status and granted summary judgment
on this claim.
In Kelly v. HUD, the Sixth Circuit addressed alleged violations
of the Fair Housing Act
based on family status discrimination.
In Jancik v. HUD, the Seventh Circuit addressed alleged violations
of the Fair Housing Act
based on racial and
family status discrimination.
As stated
in Principles
of Real Estate Management, originally published by IREM
in 1947 and currently
in its 17th edition: «Today, fair housing laws at all levels — federal, state and local — effectively prohibit housing
discrimination on the
basis of race, color, nationality, sex, religion, age,
family status or mental or physical handicap.