These individual transcriptomes can be used to define cell types and to understand the functions of healthy and
diseased cells in the human body.
Not exact matches
These techniques include:
human tissue created by reprogramming
cells from people with the relevant
disease (dubbed «patient
in a dish»); «
body on a chip» devices, where
human tissue samples on a silicon chip are linked by a circulating blood substitute; many computer modelling approaches, such as virtual organs, virtual patients and virtual clinical trials; and microdosing studies, where tiny doses of drugs given to volunteers allow scientists to study their metabolism
in humans, safely and with unsurpassed accuracy.
Human cells capable of performing simple arithmetic could one day be implanted
in your
body as a biological computer to diagnose
disease, administer drugs or interface with electronic devices.
In a series of studies this year, molecular geneticists at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine used a harmless virus to ferry new genes through the bloodstream, across blood vessel walls, and into almost every muscle cell in the bodies of hamsters bred to have human genetic disease
In a series of studies this year, molecular geneticists at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine used a harmless virus to ferry new genes through the bloodstream, across blood vessel walls, and into almost every muscle
cell in the bodies of hamsters bred to have human genetic disease
in the
bodies of hamsters bred to have
human genetic
diseases.
The naturally occurring arsenic kills
human cells, leading first to skin scarring and then, as it slowly builds up
in the
body, to brain damage, heart
disease and cancer.
The result suggests that, although Hwang deceived the world about achieving the first
human cloning, his group was first to succeed
in performing
human parthenogenesis, which may offer a way of creating
cells that are genetically matched to a woman for transplantation back into her
body to treat degenerative
diseases.
A TROPICAL
disease that can fatally damage the heart may take hold
in the
human body by causing important immune system
cells to commit suicide, according to a Brazilian research team.
In further investigations of
human liver
cells from nearly 50 donor tissues of
humans with varying degrees of
body mass index (BMI) and liver fat, higher levels of CD8 + T
cells were linked with higher levels of blood sugar or more advanced fatty liver
disease.
Lipton went on to state, «It will be important to see if HIV / AIDS acts similarly on stem
cells for other organs
in the
human body, as this may impact on the
disease process as a whole.»
Back when stem
cells were first extracted from
human embryos 20 years ago, scientists were fascinated at their ability to change into any type of
cell in the
body and thought they would soon be used to treat all types of
diseases, from eye disorders to diabetes.
Researchers are also trying to learn about: - The level of MM - 121 that remains
in the
human body at different time points when MM - 121 is combined with docetaxel or pemetrexed - The relationship between the biomarker, heregulin, and cancer
cell growth (
disease progression)
in people dosed only with docetaxel or pemetrexed.
The researchers then successfully prodded what they call keratinocyte - derived iPS
cells or KiPS
cells to distinguish them from fibroblast - derived iPS
cells into becoming all the
cell types
in the
human body, including heart muscle
cells and dopamine - producing neurons, which are affected by Parkinson's
disease.
A complete
Human Cell Atlas would give us a unique ID card for each cell type, a three - dimensional map of how cell types work together to form tissues, knowledge of how all body systems are connected, and insights into how changes in the map underlie health and dise
Cell Atlas would give us a unique ID card for each
cell type, a three - dimensional map of how cell types work together to form tissues, knowledge of how all body systems are connected, and insights into how changes in the map underlie health and dise
cell type, a three - dimensional map of how
cell types work together to form tissues, knowledge of how all body systems are connected, and insights into how changes in the map underlie health and dise
cell types work together to form tissues, knowledge of how all
body systems are connected, and insights into how changes
in the map underlie health and
disease.
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's
disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating molecule
in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B -
cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular
body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal adhesion kinase family - interacting protein of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's
disease; hiPSC,
human induced pluripotent stem
cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R,
Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora
disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron
disease; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular
body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's
disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched
in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small - molecule enhancer of rapamycin; SMIR, small - molecule inhibitor of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting
Using a mouse model for this
disease, which
in humans involves the destruction of white matter
in the brain, a research team led by Albee Messing, director of the UW — Madison Waisman Center, found that a protein behind the symptoms of the
disease, called GFAP, is broken down more rapidly
in the
body than researchers previously found
in cell culture studies.
The betaine present
in beets is also a powerful compound that can protects
cells, proteins and enzymes
in the
human body from environmental stress and help prevent chronic
diseases associated with inflammation such as several types of heart
disease and type 2 diabetes.
1) Phytonutrients: * Occur naturally
in fruits and vegetables * Promote the function of the immune system * Help fight off viruses as well as reduce inflammation * Associated with the treatment and / or prevention of cancer and cardiovascular
disease 2) Enzymes: * Responsible for metabolic processes that occur within a
cell and are necessary for sustaining life * Assist and play a large role
in digestion, energy production, blood coagulation and contraction of muscles 3) Amino Acids: * The basic building blocks of protein * Absorption of amino acids is essential for your metabolism 4) Essential Fatty Acids: * Reduce the risk of heart
disease and some forms of cancer * Improve mood * Decrease inflammation 5) Vitamins: * Essential for the normal growth and development of all
human beings * Healthy maintenance of
cell tissues and organs * Help process proteins, carbohydrates and fats required for utilization 6 & 7) Macro and Trace Minerals: * Involved
in electrolyte balance of
body fluids * Essential for normal cellular activity * Provide hardness to bones and teeth