«These differences in education and wealth may actually be creating
disparities in brain health and, by extension, the likelihood of being able to work and be independent in our older years.»
Perrin PB, Krch D, Sutter M, Snipes DJ, Arango - Lasprilla JC, Kolakowsky - Hayner SA, Wright J, & Lequerica A. Racial / ethnic
disparities in mental
health over the first two years after traumatic
brain injury: A model systems study.
The Council will also continue its investigations into the early childhood roots of lifelong
health disparities — with profound implications for public
health policy
in states — and critical periods of development and
brain plasticity across the lifespan — with important implications for the timing of interventions.
ECD programmes can take many forms, including promotion of good
health and nutrition, support for safe and stimulating environments, protection from risks such as violence or abandonment, parenting support and early learning experiences, media, preschools and community groups.4 Poverty is the key underlying cause of poor child development; children living
in poverty are exposed to many negative influences, including poor physical environments, inadequate nutrition, parental stress and insufficient cognitive stimulation.5 Undernutrition can influence
brain development directly by affecting
brain structure and function, or indirectly via poor physical or motor development,
in addition to other pathways.6 — 8 Exposure to multiple co-occurring risks most likely contributes to greater
disparities in developmental trajectories among children with differential exposure.9 — 12 This paper focuses on associations between specific aspects of children's physical environments — access to improved water and sanitation (W&S)-- and childhood development as measured by performance on a test of receptive language.