Lord Bannatyne said
in this
case that life expectancy was a «significant
factor»
in assessing compensation, noting that Mr McCarn's
case should be
distinguished from the Kelly v Upper Clyde Shipbuilders
case of 2012, due to the fact he had a far higher life expectancy (he was expected to live a further 18 years, by contrast to 4 years
in Kelly) and therefore the family left behind had been deprived of society and guidance for a longer period of time.
Many of the scales demonstrated weak psychometrics
in at least one of the following ways: (a) lack of psychometric data [i.e., reliability and / or validity; e.g., HFQ, MASC, PBS, Social Adjustment Scale - Self - Report (SAS - SR) and all perceived self - esteem and self - concept scales], (b) items that fall on more than one subscale (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version), (c) low alpha coefficients (e.g., below.60) for some subscales, which calls into question the utility of using these subscales
in research and clinical work (e.g., HFQ, MMPI - A, CBCL - 1991 version, BASC, PSPCSAYC), (d) high correlations between subscales (e.g., PANAS - C), (e) lack of clarity regarding clinically - relevant cut - off scores, yielding high false positive and false negative rates (e.g., CES - D, CDI) and an inability to
distinguish between minor (i.e., subclinical) and major (i.e., clinical) «
cases» of a disorder (e.g., depression; CDI, BDI), (f) lack of correspondence between items and DSM criteria (e.g., CBCL - 1991 version, CDI, BDI, CES - D, (g) a
factor structure that lacks clarity across studies (e.g., PSPCSAYC, CASI; although the
factor structure is often difficult to assess
in studies of pediatric populations, given the small sample sizes), (h) low inter-rater reliability for interview and observational methods (e.g., CGAS), (i) low correlations between respondents such as child, parent, teacher [e.g., BASC, PSPCSAYC, CSI, FSSC - R, SCARED, Connors Ratings Scales - Revised (CRS - R)-RSB-, (j) the inclusion of somatic or physical symptom items on mental health subscales (e.g., CBCL), which is a problem when conducting studies of children with pediatric physical conditions because physical symptoms may be a feature of the condition rather than an indicator of a mental health problem, (k) high correlations with measures of social desirability, which is particularly problematic for the self - related rating scales and for child - report scales more generally, and (l) content validity problems (e.g., the RCMAS is a measure of anxiety, but contains items that tap mood, attention, peer interactions, and impulsivity).
Compared with control children, they had more difficulties with friendships, 29 poorer theory of mind, 16 difficulties labelling and understanding the causes of common emotions, 16 increased fantasy proneness and difficulty
distinguishing fantasy and reality, 31 increased negative attributional style, dysfunctional attitudes, rumination and self - criticism.32 They also experience difficulties
in the mother — child relationship, with four studies reporting high levels of disrupted attachment styles, 21, 29, 31, 32 and
in role - play scenarios elevated levels of role - reversal with parents, fear of abandonment, and negative expectations of parents.31 These
factors are known to put children at risk of poor mental health outcomes, and indeed, this appears to be the
case.